|
Страна
|
Правление type
|
|
Афганистан
|
Islamic republic |
|
Албания
|
emerging democracy |
|
Алжир
|
republic |
|
Американское Самоа
|
нет |
|
Андорра
|
parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as its chiefs of state a coprincipality; the two princes are the president Франции и bishop of Seo de Urgel, Испания, who are represented locally by coprinces' representatives |
|
Ангола
|
republic; multiparty presidential regime |
|
Ангилья
|
нет |
|
Антарктика
|
Antarctic Treaty Summary - the Antarctic Treaty, signed on 1 December 1959 и entered into force on 23 June 1961, establishes the legal framework for the management Антарктики; the 30th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting was held in Delhi, Индия in April/May 2007; at these periodic meetings, decisions are made by consensus (not by vote) of all consultative member nations; at the end of 2007, there were 46 treaty member nations: 28 consultative и 18 non-consultative; consultative (decision-making) members include the seven nations that claim portions Антарктики as national territory (some claims overlap) и 21 non-claimant nations; the US и Россия have reserved the right to make claims; the US does not recognize the claims of others; Антарктика is administered through meetings of the consultative member nations; decisions from these meetings are carried out by these member nations (with respect to their own nationals и operations) in accordance with their own national laws; the лет in parentheses indicate when a consultative member-nation acceded to the Treaty и when it was accepted as a consultative member, while no date indicates the country was an original 1959 treaty signatory; claimant nations are - Аргентина, Австралия, Чили, Франция, NZ, Норвегия, и the Великобритания. Nonclaimant consultative nations are - Бельгия, Бразилия (1975/1983), Болгария (1978/1998) Китай (1983/1985), Эквадор (1987/1990), Финляндия (1984/1989), Германия (1979/1981), Индия (1983/1983), Италия (1981/1987), Япония, South Korea (1986/1989), Нидерланды (1967/1990), Перу (1981/1989), Польша (1961/1977), Россия, Южно-Африканская Республика, Испания (1982/1988), Швеция (1984/1988), Украина (1992/2004), Уругвай (1980/1985), и the US; non-consultative members, with year of accession in parentheses, are - Австрия (1987), Беларусь (2006), Канада (1988), Колумбия (1989), Куба (1984), Чешская республика (1962/1993), Дания (1965), Эстония (2001), Греция (1987), Гватемала (1991), Венгрия (1984), Северный Korea (1987), Папуа — Новая Гвинея (1981), Румыния (1971), Словакия (1962/1993), Швейцария (1990), Турция (1996), и Венесуэлa (1999); note - Czechoslovakia acceded to the Treaty in 1962 и separated into the Чешская республика и Словакия in 1993; Article 1 - area to be used for peaceful purposes only; military activity, such as weapons testing, is prohibited, but military personnel и equipment may be used for scientific research или any other peaceful purpose; Article 2 - freedom of scientific investigation и cooperation shall continue; Article 3 - free exchange of information и personnel, cooperation with the UN и other international agencies; Article 4 - does not recognize, dispute, или establish territorial claims и no new claims shall be asserted while the treaty is in force; Article 5 - prohibits nuclear explosions или disposal of radioactive wastes; Article 6 - включая under the treaty all land и ice shelves юг of 60 degrees 00 minutes юг и reserves high seas rights; Article 7 - treaty-state observers have free access, including aerial observation, to any area и may inspect all stations, installations, и equipment; advance notice of all expeditions и of the introduction of military personnel must be given; Article 8 - allows for jurisdiction over observers и scientists by their own states; Article 9 - frequent consultative meetings take place among member nations; Article 10 - treaty states will discourage activities by any country in Антарктика that are contrary to the treaty; Article 11 - disputes to be settled peacefully by the parties concerned или, ultimately, by the ICJ; Articles 12, 13, 14 - deal with upholding, interpreting, и amending the treaty among involved nations; other agreements - some 200 recommendations adopted at treaty consultative meetings и ratified by governments include - Agreed Measures for Fauna и Flora (1964) which were later incorporated into the Environmental Protocol; Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (1980); a mineral resources agreement was signed in 1988 but remains unratified; the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was signed 4 October 1991 и entered into force 14 January 1998; this agreement provides for the protection of the Antarctic environment through six specific annexes: 1) environmental impact assessment, 2) conservation of Antarctic fauna и flora, 3) waste disposal и waste management, 4) prevention of marine pollution, 5) area protection и management и 6) liability arising from environmental emergencies; it prohibits all activities relating to mineral resources except scientific research; a permanent Antarctic Treaty Secretariat was established in 2004 in Buenos Aires, Аргентина |
|
Антигуа и Барбуда
|
constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government |
|
Аргентина
|
republic |
|
Армения
|
republic |
|
Аруба
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Австралия
|
federal parliamentary democracy |
|
Австрия
|
federal republic |
|
Азербайджан
|
republic |
|
Багамские Острова, The
|
constitutional parliamentary democracy |
|
Бахрейн
|
constitutional monarchy |
|
Бангладеш
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Барбадос
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Беларусь
|
republic in name, although in fact a dictatorship |
|
Бельгия
|
federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy |
|
Белиз
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Бенин
|
republic |
|
Бермуды
|
parliamentary; self-governing territory |
|
Бутан
|
in transition to constitutional monarchy; special treaty relationship with Индия |
|
Боливия
|
republic |
|
Босния и Герцеговина
|
emerging federal democratic republic |
|
Ботсвана
|
parliamentary republic |
|
Бразилия
|
federal republic |
|
Британские Виргинские острова
|
нет |
|
Бруней
|
constitutional sultanate |
|
Болгария
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Буркина Фасо
|
parliamentary republic |
|
Мьянма
|
military junta |
|
Бурунди
|
republic |
|
Камбоджа
|
multiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy |
|
Камерун
|
republic; multiparty presidential regime |
|
Канада
|
constitutional monarchy that is also a parliamentary democracy и a федерация |
|
Кабо-Верде
|
republic |
|
Каймановы Острoва
|
British crown colony |
|
Центральноафриканская Республика
|
republic |
|
Чад
|
republic |
|
Чили
|
republic |
|
Китай
|
Communist state |
|
Рождества Остров
|
нет |
|
Кокосовые Острова
|
нет |
|
Колумбия
|
republic; executive branch dominates government structure |
|
Коморские Острова
|
republic |
|
Congo, Democratic Республика the
|
republic |
|
Congo, Республика the
|
republic |
|
Острова Кука
|
self-governing parliamentary democracy |
|
Коста-Рика
|
democratic republic |
|
Кот-д’Ивуар
|
republic; multiparty presidential regime established 1960
примечание: the government is currently operating under a power-sharing agreement mandated by international mediators |
|
Хорватия
|
presidential/parliamentary democracy |
|
Куба
|
Communist state |
|
Кипр
|
republic
примечание: a separation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified после the Turkish intervention in July 1974 that followed a Greek junta-supported coup attempt gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the север; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government; on 15 November 1983 Turkish Cypriot "Президент" Rauf DENKTASH declared independence и the formation of a "Turkish Республика Northern Кипр" (TRNC), which is recognized only by Турция |
|
Чешская республика
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Дания
|
constitutional monarchy |
|
Джибути
|
republic |
|
Доминика
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Доминиканская республика
|
democratic republic |
|
Эквадор
|
republic |
|
Египет
|
republic |
|
Сальвадор
|
republic |
|
Экваториальная Гвинея
|
republic |
|
Эритрея
|
transitional government
примечание: following a successful referendum on independence for the Autonomous Region Эритреи on 23-25 April 1993, a National Assembly, composed entirely of the Люди's Front for Democracy и Justice или PFDJ, was established as a transitional legislature; a Constitutional Commission was also established to draft a constitution; ISAIAS Afworki was elected president by the transitional legislature; the constitution, ratified in May 1997, did not enter into effect, pending parliamentary и presidential elections; parliamentary elections were scheduled in December 2001, but were postponed indefinitely; currently the sole legal party is the Люди's Front for Democracy и Justice (PFDJ) |
|
Эстония
|
parliamentary republic |
|
Эфиопия
|
federal republic |
|
Фолклендские ( Мальвинские) осторова
|
нет |
|
Фарерские Острова
|
нет |
|
Фиджи
|
republic |
|
Финляндия
|
republic |
|
Франция
|
republic |
|
Французская Полинезия
|
нет |
|
Габон
|
republic; multiparty presidential regime |
|
Гамбия
|
republic |
|
Грузия
|
republic |
|
Германия
|
federal republic |
|
Гана
|
constitutional democracy |
|
Гибралтар: заморская территория Великобритании
|
нет |
|
Греция
|
parliamentary republic |
|
Гренландия
|
parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy |
|
Гренада
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Гуам
|
нет |
|
Гватемала
|
constitutional democratic republic |
|
Гернси: коронная земля Великобритании
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Гвинея
|
republic |
|
Гвинея-Бисау
|
republic |
|
Гвиана
|
republic |
|
Гаити
|
republic |
|
Ватикан
|
ecclesiastical |
|
Гондурас
|
democratic constitutional republic |
|
Гонконг
|
limited democracy |
|
Венгрия
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Исландия
|
constitutional republic |
|
Индия
|
federal republic |
|
Индонeзия
|
republic |
|
Иран
|
theocratic republic |
|
Ирак
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Ирландия
|
republic, parliamentary democracy |
|
Остров Мэн
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Израиль
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Италия
|
republic |
|
Ямайка
|
constitutional parliamentary democracy |
|
Япония
|
constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government |
|
Джерси: коронная земля Великобритании
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Иордания
|
constitutional monarchy |
|
Казахстан
|
republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch |
|
Кения
|
republic |
|
Кирибати
|
republic |
|
Северная Корея
|
Communist state один-man dictatorship |
|
Южная Корея
|
republic |
|
Косовo
|
republic |
|
Кювейт
|
constitutional emirate |
|
Киргизия
|
republic |
|
Лаоc
|
Communist state |
|
Латвия
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Ливан
|
republic |
|
Лесото
|
parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
|
Либерия
|
republic |
|
Либия
|
Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by the populace through local councils; in practice, an authoritarian state |
|
Лихтенштейн
|
constitutional monarchy |
|
Литва
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Люксембург
|
constitutional monarchy |
|
Macau
|
limited democracy |
|
Македония
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Мадагаскар
|
republic |
|
Малави
|
multiparty democracy |
|
Малазия
|
constitutional monarchy
примечание: nominally headed by paramount ruler и a bicameral Parliament consisting of a nonelected upper house и an elected lower house; all Peninsular Malaysian states have hereditary rulers except Melaka и Pulau Pinang (Penang); those two states along with Sabah и Sarawak in East Малазия have governors appointed by government; powers of state governments are limited by federal constitution; under terms of федерация, Sabah и Sarawak retain certain constitutional prerogatives (e.g., right to maintain their own immigration controls); Sabah holds 25 seats in House of Representatives; Sarawak has 31 seats |
|
Мальдивы
|
republic |
|
Мали
|
republic |
|
Мальта
|
republic |
|
Маршалловы Острова
|
constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 21 October 1986 и the Amended Compact entered into force in May 2004 |
|
Мавритания
|
Democratic Republic |
|
Маврикий
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Майотта: заморская территория Франции
|
нет |
|
Мексика
|
federal republic |
|
Микронезия
|
constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 3 November 1986 и the Amended Compact entered into force May 2004 |
|
Молдавия
|
republic |
|
Монако
|
constitutional monarchy |
|
Монголия
|
mixed parliamentary/presidential |
|
Монтенегро
|
republic |
|
Монтсеррат: заморская территория Великобритании
|
нет |
|
Мороккo
|
constitutional monarchy |
|
Мозамбик
|
republic |
|
Намибия
|
republic |
|
Науру
|
republic |
|
Непал
|
democratic republic |
|
Нидерланды
|
constitutional monarchy |
|
Нидерландские Антильские о-ва
|
parliamentary |
|
Новая Каледония: заморская территория Франции
|
нет |
|
Новая Зеландия
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Никарагуа
|
republic |
|
Нигер
|
republic |
|
Нигерия
|
federal republic |
|
Ниуэ
|
self-governing parliamentary democracy |
|
Норфолк
|
нет |
|
Северные Марианские острова
|
commonwealth; self-governing with locally elected governor, lieutenant governor, и legislature |
|
Норвегия
|
constitutional monarchy |
|
Оман
|
monarchy |
|
Пакистан
|
federal republic |
|
Палау
|
constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 1 October 1994 |
|
Панама
|
constitutional democracy |
|
Папуа — Новая Гвинея
|
constitutional parliamentary democracy |
|
Парагвай
|
constitutional republic |
|
Перу
|
constitutional republic |
|
Филиппины
|
republic |
|
Питкэрн: заморская территория Великобритании
|
нет |
|
Польша
|
republic |
|
Португалия
|
republic; parliamentary democracy |
|
Пуэрто-Рико
|
commonwealth |
|
Катар
|
emirate |
|
Румыния
|
republic |
|
Россия
|
федерация |
|
Руанда
|
republic; presidential, multiparty system |
|
Святой Елены остров
|
нет |
|
Сент-Китс и Невис
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Сент-Люсия
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Сен-Пьер и Микелон: заморская территория Франции
|
нет |
|
Сент-Винсент и Гренадины
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Самоа
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Сан-Маринo
|
republic |
|
Сан-Томе и Принсипи
|
republic |
|
Саудовская Аравия
|
monarchy |
|
Сенегал
|
republic |
|
Сербия
|
republic |
|
Сейшельские Острова
|
republic |
|
Сьерра-Леоне
|
constitutional democracy |
|
Сингапур
|
parliamentary republic |
|
Словакия
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Словения
|
parliamentary republic |
|
Соломоновы Острова
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Сомали
|
no permanent national government; transitional, parliamentary federal government |
|
Южно-Африканская Республика
|
republic |
|
Испания
|
parliamentary monarchy |
|
Шри-Ланка
|
republic |
|
Судан
|
Правление of National Unity (GNU) - the National Congress Party (NCP) и Судан Люди's Liberation Movement (SPLM) formed a power-sharing government under the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA); the NCP, which came to power by military coup in 1989, is the majority partner; the agreement stipulates national elections in 2009 |
|
Суринам
|
constitutional democracy |
|
Свальбард
|
нет |
|
Свазиленд
|
monarchy |
|
Швеция
|
constitutional monarchy |
|
Швейцария
|
formally a confederation but similar in structure to a federal republic |
|
Сирия
|
republic under an authoritarian military-dominated regime |
|
Тайвань
|
multiparty democracy |
|
Таджикистан
|
republic |
|
Танзания
|
republic |
|
Таиланд
|
constitutional monarchy |
|
Восточный Тимор
|
republic |
|
Того
|
republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule |
|
Токелау
|
нет |
|
Тонга
|
constitutional monarchy |
|
Тринидад и Тобаго
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Тунис
|
republic |
|
Турция
|
republican parliamentary democracy |
|
Туркменистан
|
republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch |
|
Тёркс и Кайкос
|
нет |
|
Тувалу
|
constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy |
|
Угадна
|
republic |
|
Украина
|
republic |
|
Объединенные Арабские Эмираты
|
федерация with specified powers delegated to the UAE federal government и other powers reserved to member emirates |
|
Великобритания
|
constitutional monarchy |
|
США
|
Федеральная республика; сильная демократическая традиция |
|
Уругвай
|
constitutional republic |
|
Узбекистан
|
republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch |
|
Вануату
|
parliamentary republic |
|
Венесуэлa
|
federal republic |
|
Вьетнам
|
Communist state |
|
Виргинские Острова (Британские)
|
нет |
|
Уоллис и Футуна
|
нет |
|
Западная Сахара
|
legal status of territory и issue of sovereignty unresolved; territory contested by Мороккo и Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra и Rio de Oro), which in February 1976 formally proclaimed a government-in-exile of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), led by Президент Mohamed ABDELAZIZ; territory partitioned between Мороккo и Мавритания in April 1976, with Мороккo acquiring northern two-thirds; Мавритания, under pressure from Polisario guerrillas, abandoned all claims to its portion in August 1979; Мороккo moved to occupy that sector shortly thereafter и has since asserted administrative control; the Polisario's government-in-exile was seated as an Organization of African Unity (OAU) member in 1984; guerrilla activities continued sporadically until a UN-monitored cease-fire was implemented on 6 September 1991 (Security Council Resolution 690) by the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Западная Сахара или MINURSO |
|
Емен
|
republic |
|
Замбия
|
republic |
|
Зимбабве
|
parliamentary democracy |
Последние изменения на эту страницу были внесены 4 сентября 2008 года.
