Условное обозначение:  Определение  Показатель во всех странах  Ранжирование
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Историческая справка:
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Known as Persia until 1935, Иран became an Islamic republic in 1979 после the ruling monarchy was overthrown и the shah was forced into exile. Conservative clerical forces established a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority vested in a learned religious scholar referred to commonly as the Supreme Leader who, according to the constitution, is accountable only to the Assembly of Experts. US-Iranian relations have been strained since a group of Iranian students seized the US Embassy in Tehran on 4 November 1979 и held it until 20 January 1981. During 1980-88, Иран fought a bloody, indecisive war with Ирак that eventually expanded into the Persian Gulf и led to clashes between US Navy и Iranian military forces between 1987 и 1988. Иран has been designated a state sponsor of terrorism for its activities in Ливан и elsewhere in the world и remains subject to US и UN economic sanctions и export controls because of its continued involvement in terrorism и conventional weapons proliferation. Following the election of reformer Hojjat ol-Eslam Mohammad KHATAMI as president in 1997 и similarly a reformer Majles (parliament) in 2000, a campaign to foster political reform in response to popular dissatisfaction was initiated. The movement floundered as conservative politicians, through the control of unelected institutions, prevented reform measures from being enacted и increased repressive measures. Starting with nationwide municipal elections in 2003 и continuing through Majles elections in 2004, conservatives reestablished control over Иран's elected government institutions, which culminated with the August 2005 inauguration of hardliner Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD as president. In December 2006 и March 2007, the international community passed resolutions 1737 и 1747 respectively после Иран failed to comply with UN demands to halt the enrichment of уран или to agree to full IAEA oversight of its nuclear program. In October 2007, Iranian entities were also subject to US sanctions under EO 13382 designations for proliferation activities и EO 13224 designations for providing material support to the Taliban и other terrorist organizations.
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Месторасположение:
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Middle East, bordering the Gulf Омана, the Persian Gulf, и the Caspian Sea, between Ирак и Пакистан
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Географические координаты:
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32 00 N, 53 00 E
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Ссылка на карту «Всемирного справочника ЦРУ»
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Middle East
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Площадь:
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всего: 1.648 миллионов кв. км.
суша: 1.636 миллионов кв. км.
вода 12,000 кв. км.
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Площадь в сравнении с США:
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slightly larger than Alaska
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Протяженность сухопутных границ:
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всего: 5,440 км
пограничные государства: Афганистан 936 км, Армения 35 км, Азербайджан-proper 432 км, Азербайджан-Naxcivan exclave 179 км, Ирак 1,458 км, Пакистан 909 км, Турция 499 км, Туркменистан 992 км
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Протяженность водных границ:
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2,440 км; note - Иран also borders the Caspian Sea (740 км)
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Территориальные воды:
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территориальные воды: 12 миль от берега
морская прибрежная зона: 24 миль от берега
экономическая зона: bilateral agreements или median lines in the Persian Gulf
континентальный шельф: natural prolongation
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Климат:
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mostly arid или semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast
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Особенности местности:
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rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts, mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts
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Возвышенности:
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самая низкая точка Caspian Sea -28 m
самая высокая точка Kuh-e Damavand 5,671 m
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Природные ресурсы:
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нефть, природный газ, каменный уголь, chromium, медь, железная руда, свинец, manganese, цинк, сера
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Использование земельных ресурсов:
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пахотные земли: 9.78%
многолетние культуры: 1.29%
другое: 88.93% (2005)
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Орошаемые земли:
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76,500 кв. км. (2003)
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Всего водных ресурсов:
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137.5 куб.км. (1997)
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Использование водных ресурсов:
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всего: 72.88 куб.км в год (7%/2%/91%)
на душу населения: 1,048 куб.м в год (2000)
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Природные опасности:
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periodic засухи, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes
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Загрязнения окружающей среды:
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air pollution, especially in urban areas, from vehicle emissions, refinery operations, и industrial effluents; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; нефть pollution in the Persian Gulf; wetland losses from drought; soil degradation (salination); inadequate supplies of potable water; water pollution from raw sewage и industrial waste; urbanization
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Присоединение к международным соглашениям:
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party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
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Примечания:
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strategic location on the Persian Gulf и Strait of Hormuz, which are vital maritime pathways for сырая нефть transport
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Население:
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65,875,224 (July 2008 est.)
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Возрастно-половая структура:
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0-14 лет: 22.3% (мужчин 7,548,116/female 7,164,921)
15-64 лет: 72.3% (мужчин 24,090,976/female 23,522,861)
65 лет и более: 5.4% (мужчин 1,713,533/female 1,834,816) (2008 est.)
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Средний возраст:
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всего: 26.4 лет
мужчин: 26.2 лет
женщин: 26.7 лет (2008 est.)
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Темп прироста/убыли населения в последний год
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0.792% (2008 est.)
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Рождаемость:
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16.89 рожденных на 1000 населения (2008 est.)
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Смертность:
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5.69 смертей на 1000 населения (2008 est.)
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Чистый показатель миграции:
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-3.28 приезжих на 1000 населения (2008 est.)
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Число мужчин относительно женщин:
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при рождении: 1.05 мужчин по отношению к женщинам
до 15 лет: 1.05 мужчин по отношению к женщинам
15-64 лет: 1.02 мужчин по отношению к женщинам
65 лет и более: 0.93 мужчин по отношению к женщинам
все население: 1.0075 мужчин по отношению к женщинам (2008 est.)
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Уровень младенческой смертности:
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всего: 36.93 смертей на 1000 рожденных
мужчин: 37.12 смертей на 1000 рожденных
женщин: 36.73 смертей на 1000 рожденных (2008 est.)
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Ожидаемая продолжительность жизни:
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все население: 70.86 лет
мужчин: 69.39 лет
женщин: 72.4 лет (2008 est.)
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Общий уровень фертильности:
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1.71 детей на одну женщину (2008 est.)
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Доля ВИЧ-инфицированных среди взрослого населения:
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0.2% (2005 est.)
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Люди, живущие с ВИЧ/СПИДОМ:
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66,000 (2005 est.)
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ВИЧ/СПИД - смертные случаи:
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1,600 (2005 est.)
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Инфекционные заболевания:
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степень риска: intermediate
болезни, возникающие из-за употребления загрязненной еды или воды: bacterial diarrhea и hepatitis A
трансмиссивные болезни Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever и malaria
примечание: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)
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Национальность:
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имя существительное: Iranian(s)
имя прилагательное: Iranian
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Этнические группы:
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Persian 51%, Azeri 24%, Gilaki и Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%, Arab 3%, Lur 2%, Baloch 2%, Turkmen 2%, other 1%
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Религии:
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мусульмане 98% (Shi'a 89%, Sunni 9%), other (включая Zoroastrian, иудаисты, Christian, и Baha'i) 2%
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Языки:
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Persian и Persian dialects 58%, Turkic и Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%
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Словесная грамотность:
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объяснение: старше 15 лет, кто умеет читать и писать
все население: 77%
мужчин: 83.5%
женщин: 70.4% (2002 est.)
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Обучение в школе:
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всего: 13 лет
мужчин: 13 лет
женщин: 13 лет (2005)
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Расходы на образование:
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5.1% (2006)
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Название страны:
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полное название страны: Islamic Республика Иран
сокращенное название страны: Иран
local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Иран
local short form: Иран
former: Persia
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Тип правления:
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theocratic republic
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Столица:
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название: Tehran
географические координаты: 35 40 N, 51 25 E
отличие по времени: UTC+3.5 (8.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC от стандартного времени)
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Административное деление:
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30 provinces (ostanha, singular - ostan); Ardabil, Azarbayjan-e Gharbi, Azarbayjan-e Sharqi, Bushehr, Chahar Mahall va Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Hamadan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan-e Jonubi, Khorasan-e Razavi, Khorasan-e Shomali, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh va Buyer Ahmad, Kordestan, Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Qom, Semnan, Sistan va Baluchestan, Tehran, Yazd, Zanjan
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Независимость:
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1 April 1979 (Islamic Республика Иран proclaimed)
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Национальные праздники:
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Republic Day, 1 April (1979)
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Конституция:
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2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the presidency и eliminate the prime ministership
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Федеральное устройство:
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based on Sharia law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
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Совершенолетие:
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16 лет of age; universal
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Исполнительная власть:
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глава государства: Supreme Leader Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 4 June 1989)
глава правительства: Президент Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD (since 3 August 2005); First Vice Президент Parviz DAVUDI (since 11 September 2005)
cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the president with legislative approval; the Supreme Leader has some control over appointments to the more sensitive ministries
примечание: also considered part of the Executive branch of government are three oversight bodies: 1) Assembly of Experts (Majles-Khebregan), a popularly elected body charged with determining the succession of the Supreme Leader, reviewing his performance, и deposing him if deemed necessary; 2) Expediency Council или the Council for the Discernment of Expediency (Majma-e-Tashkise-Maslahat-e-Nezam) exerts supervisory authority over the executive, judicial, и legislative branches и resolves legislative issues on which the Majles и the Council of Guardians disagree и since 1989 has been used to advise national religious leaders on matters of national policy; in 2005 the Council's powers were expanded to act as a supervisory body for the government; 3) Council of Guardians of the Constitution или Council of Guardians или Guardians Council (Shora-ye Negaban-e Qanun-e Assassi) determines whether proposed legislation is both constitutional и faithful to Islamic law, vets candidates for suitability, и supervises national elections
выборы: Supreme Leader is appointed for life by the Assembly of Experts; president is elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for a second term и third nonconsecutive term); last held 17 June 2005 with a two-candidate runoff on 24 June 2005 (next presidential election slated for 2009)
результаты выборов: Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD elected president; percent of vote - Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD 62%, Ali Akbar Hashemi-RAFSANJANI 36%
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Законодательная власть:
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unicameral Islamic Consultative Assembly или Majles-e-Shura-ye-Eslami или Majles (290 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
выборы: last held 14 March 2008 with a runoff held 25 April 2008 (next to be held in 2012)
результаты выборов: percent of vote - нет; seats by party - conservatives/Islamists 170, reformers 46, independents 71, religious minorities 3
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Судебная власть:
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The Supreme Court (Qeveh Qazaieh) и the four-member High Council of the Judiciary have a single head и overlapping responsibilities; together they supervise the enforcement of all laws и establish judicial и legal policies; lower courts include a special clerical court, a revolutionary court, и a special administrative court
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Политические партии и лидеры:
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formal political parties are a relatively new phenomenon in Иран и most conservatives still prefer to work through political pressure groups rather than parties, и often political parties или coalitions are formed prior to elections и disbanded soon thereafter; a loose pro-reform coalition called the 2nd Khordad Front, which включая political parties as well as less formal groups и organizations, achieved considerable success at elections to the sixth Majles in early 2000; groups in the coalition include: Islamic Иран Participation Front (IIPF), Executives of Construction Party (Kargozaran), Solidarity Party, Islamic Labor Party, Mardom Salari, Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization (MIRO), и Militant Clerics Society (Ruhaniyun); the coalition participated in the seventh Majles elections in early 2004; following his defeat in the 2005 presidential elections, former MCS Secretary General и sixth Majles Speaker Mehdi KARUBI formed the National Trust Party; a new conservative group, Islamic Иран Developers Coalition (Abadgaran), took a leading position in the new Majles после winning a majority of the seats in February 2004; following the 2004 Majles elections, traditional и hardline conservatives have attempted to close ranks under the United Front of Principlists; the IIPF has repeatedly complained that the overwhelming majority of its candidates have been unfairly disqualified from the 2008 elections
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Политические партии и лидеры, находящиеся под запретом:
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groups that generally support the Islamic Republic: Ansar-e Hizballah-Islamic Coalition Party (Motalefeh); Followers of the Line of the Imam и the Leader; Islamic Engineers Society; Tehran Militant Clergy Association (Ruhaniyat); active pro-reform student group: Office of Strengthening Unity (OSU); opposition groups: Baluchistan Люди's Party (BPP); Freedom Movement Ирана; Marz-e Por Gohar; National Front; и various ethnic и Monarchist organizations; armed political groups that have been repressed by the government: демократическая партия of Iranian Kurdistan (KDPI); Jundallah; Komala; Mujahidin-e Khalq Organization (MEK или MKO); Люди's Fedayeen; Люди's Free Life Party of Kurdistan (PJAK)
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Участие в международных организациях:
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CP, ECO, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, SAARC (observer), SCO (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
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Дипломатическое представительство в США:
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none; note - Иран has an Interests Section in the Pakistani Embassy; address: Iranian Interests Section, Pakistani Embassy, 2209 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007; телефон: [1] (202) 965-4990; FAX [1] (202) 965-1073
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Дипломатическое представительство из США:
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none; note - the American Interests Section is located in the Swiss Embassy compound at Africa Avenue, West Farzan Street, number 59, Tehran, Иран; telephone 021 8878 2964 или 021 8879 2364; FAX 021 8877 3265
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Флаг:
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three equal horizontal bands of green (top), белые, и red; the national emblem (a stylized representation of the word Allah in the shape of a tulip, a symbol of martyrdom) in red is centered in the белые band; ALLAH AKBAR (God is Great) in белые Arabic script is repeated 11 times along the bottom edge of the green band и 11 times along the top edge of the red band
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Экономическйи обзор:
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Иран's economy is marked by an inefficient state sector, reliance on the нефть sector (which provides 85% of government revenues), и statist policies that create major distortions throughout. Most economic activity is controlled by the state. Private sector activity is typically small-scale workshops, фермерство, и services. Президент Mahmud AHMADI-NEJAD failed to make any notable progress in fulfilling the goals of the nation's latest five-year plan. A combination of price controls и subsidies, particularly on food и энергия, continue to weigh down the economy, и administrative controls, widespread corruption, и other rigidities undermine the potential for private-sector-led growth. As a result of these inefficiencies, significant informal market activity flourishes и shortages are common. High нефть prices in recent лет have enabled Иран to amass nearly $70 миллиардов: in foreign exchange reserves. Yet this increased revenue has not eased economic hardships, which include double-digit unemployment и inflation. The economy has seen only moderate growth. Иран's educated population, economic inefficiency и insufficient investment - both foreign и domestic - have prompted an increasing number of Iranians to seek employment overseas, resulting in significant "brain drain."
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ВВП в паритете покупательной способности:
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$753 миллиардов: (2007 est.)
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ВВП согласно официальному валютному курсу:
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$294.1 миллиардов: (2007 est.)
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ВВП - реальный темп роста:
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5.8% (2007 est.)
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GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$10,600 (2007 est.)
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ВВП - распределение по отраслям экономики:
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сельское хозяйство: 10.7%
промышленность: 42.9%
сервисное обслуживание: 46.4% (2007 est.)
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Рабочая сила:
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28.7 миллионов
примечание: shortage of skilled labor (2006 est.)
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Рабочая сила - по отраслям экономики:
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сельское хозяйство: 25%
промышленность: 31%
сервисное обслуживание: 45% (June 2007)
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Уровень безработицы:
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12% according to the Iranian government (2007 est.)
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Доля населения, живущая за чертой бедности:
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18% (2007 est.)
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Доля доходов 10% самых богатых и 10% самых бедных граждан страны
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доля доходов самых бедных 10%: 2%
доля доходов самых богатых 10%: 33.7% (1998)
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Распределение доходов семей - индекс Джини:
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43 (1998)
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Уровень инфляции:
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17.5% (2007 est.)
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Инвестиции (валовые накопления):
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27.6% от ВВП (2007 est.)
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Бюджет:
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доходы: $64 миллиардов:
расходы: $64 миллиардов: (2007 est.)
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Государственный долг:
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25.2% от ВВП (2007 est.)
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Продукты сельского хозяйства:
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пшеница, рис, другие зерновые, sugar beets, sugar cane, фрукты, nuts, хлопок; молочная продукция, wool; caviar
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Отрасли специализации промышленности:
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нефть, petrochemicals, fertilizers, caustic soda, textiles, cement и other construction materials, пищевая промышленность (particularly sugar refining и vegetable нефть production), ferrous и non-ferrous metal fabrication, armaments
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Рост производства промышленной продукции:
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4.8% excluding нефть (2007 est.)
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Производство электроэнергии:
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170.4 миллиардов: кВ (2005)
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Потребление электроэнергии:
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136.2 миллиардов: кВ (2005)
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Экспорт электроэнергии:
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2.761 миллиардов: кВ (2005)
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Импорт электроэнергии:
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2.074 миллиардов: кВ (2005)
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Производство нефти:
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4.15 миллионов баррелей в день (2006 est.)
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Потребление нефти:
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1.63 миллионов баррелей в день (2006 est.)
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Экспорт нефти:
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2.52 миллионов баррелей в день (2006 est.)
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Импорт нефти:
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153,600 баррелей в день (2004)
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Доказанные запасы нефти:
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138.4 миллиардов: bbl based on Iranian claims (2007 est.)
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Производство природного газа:
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101 миллиардов: куб.м (2005 est.)
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Потребление природного газа:
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98.19 миллиардов: куб.м (2005 est.)
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Экспорт природного газа:
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4.33 миллиардов: куб.м (2005 est.)
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Импорт природного газа:
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5.8 миллиардов: куб.м (2005)
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Доказанные запасы природного газа:
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26.37 триллионов куб.м (1 January 2006 est.)
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Платежный баланс:
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$30.47 миллиардов: (2007 est.)
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Экспорт:
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$83.99 миллиардов: f.o.b. (2007 est.)
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Основные статьи экспорта:
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нефть 80%, chemical и petrochemical products, фрукты и nuts, carpets
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Партнеры по экспорту:
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Япония 14.2%, Китай 14%, Турция 7.4%, Италия 6.4%, South Korea 6.3%, Южно-Африканская Республика 4% (2006)
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Импорт:
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$53.73 миллиардов: f.o.b. (2007 est.)
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Основные статьи импорта:
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industrial raw materials и intermediate goods, капитал, foodstuffs и other товары народного потребления, технический персонал services
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Партнеры по импорту:
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Китай 14.2%, Германия 9.7%, UAE 9.2%, South Korea 5.8%, Россия 5.3%, Италия 5%, Франция 4% (2006)
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Размеры получаемой экономической помощи:
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$104 миллионов (2005 est.)
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Резервы иностранной валюты и золота:
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$64.46 миллиардов: (2007 est.)
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Величина внешнего долга:
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$20.65 миллиардов: (31 December 2007 est.)
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Прямые иностранные инвестиции в страну:
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$6.026 миллиардов: (2007 est.)
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Прямые инвестиции из страны в другие страны:
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$903 миллионов (2007 est.)
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Рыночная стоимость компаний, котирующихся на бирже:
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$45.2 миллиардов: (December 2007)
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Код валюты:
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Iranian rial (IRR)
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Курс национальной валюты по отношению к доллару США:
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rials per доллар США - 9,407.5 (2007), 9,227.1 (2006), 8,964 (2005), 8,614 (2004), 8,193.9 (2003)
примечание: Иран has been using a managed floating exchange rate regime since unifying multiple exchange rates in March 2002
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Дата начала финансового года:
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21 March - 20 March
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Телефония - основные линии:
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21.981 миллионов (2006)
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Сотовые телефоны:
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29.77 миллионов (2007)
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Телефонные системы:
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общая оценка: currently being modernized и expanded with the goal of not only improving the efficiency и increasing the volume of the urban service but also bringing telephone service to several thousand villages, not presently connected
внутри страны: the addition of new fiber cables и modern switching и exchange systems installed by Иран's state-owned telecom company have improved и expanded the main line network greatly; main line availability has more than doubled to 22 миллионов lines since 2000; additionally, mobile service has increased dramatically serving nearly 13.7 миллионов subscribers in 2006
международные: код страны - 98; submarine fiber-optic cable to UAE with access to Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); Trans-Азия-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line runs from Азербайджан through the northern portion Ирана to Туркменистан with expansion to Грузия и Азербайджан; HF radio и microwave radio relay to Турция, Азербайджан, Пакистан, Афганистан, Туркменистан, Сирия, Кювейт, Таджикистан, и Узбекистан; satellite earth stations - 13 (9 Intelsat и 4 Inmarsat) (2006)
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Радиостанции:
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AM 72, FM 5, коротковолновый диапазон 5 (1998)
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Телевизионные станции:
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28 (plus 450 repeaters) (1997)
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Доменная зона:
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.ir
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Число компьютеров, подключенных к интернету:
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6,111 (2007)
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Пользователи интернета:
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18 миллионов (2006)
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Число аэропортов:
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331 (2007)
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Число аэропортов (взлетная полоса с искусственным покрытием)
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всего: 129
более 3,047 m: 40
2,438 to 3,047 m: 28
1,524 to 2,437 m: 24
914 to 1,523 m: 32
менее 914 m: 5 (2007)
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Число аэропортов - with unpaved runways:
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всего: 202
более 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 145
менее 914 m: 46 (2007)
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Аэропорты для вертолетов:
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14 (2007)
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Протяженность трубопроводов:
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condensate 7 км; condensate/газ 397 км; газ 19,161 км; liquid нефть газ 570 км; нефть 8,438 км; очищенные продукты 7,936 км (2007)
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Протяженность железных дорог:
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всего: 8,367 км
broad коллея: 94 км 1.676-m коллея
по стандарту: 8,273 км 1.435-m коллея (146 км электрофицированные) (2006)
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Автомобильные дороги:
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всего: 179,388 км
с асфальтовым покрытием: 120,782 км (включая 878 км автомагистралей)
без асфальтового покрытия: 58,606 км (2003)
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Протяженность внутренних водных путей:
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850 км (on Karun River; additional service on Lake Urmia) (2006)
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Число судов торгового флота, общий грузооборот, распределение по типам судов:
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всего: 92 ships (1000 GRT или over) 1,373,176 GRT/2,151,318 DWT
по типу: bulk carrier 35, cargo 35, chemical tanker 4, container 6, liquefied газ 1, passenger/cargo 4, нефть tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 2, roll on/roll off 3
foreign-owned: 2 (UAE 2)
registered in other countries: 81 (Боливия 1, Кипр 6, Мальта 69, Панама 4, St Vincent и the Grenadines 1) (2008)
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Порты и терминалы:
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Assaluyeh, Bandar Abbas, Bandar-e-Eman Khomeyni
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Военные подразделения:
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Islamic Республика Иран Regular Forces (Artesh): Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force of the Армия of the Islamic Республика Иран (Niru-ye Hava'i-ye Artesh-e Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Иран; включая air defense); Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Sepah-e Pasdaran-e Enqelab-e Eslami, IRGC): Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force, Qods Force (special operations), и Basij Force (Popular Mobilization Army); Law Enforcement Forces (2008)
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Армия service age и obligation:
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19 лет of age for compulsory military service; 16 лет of age for volunteers; 17 лет of age for Law Enforcement Forces; 15 лет of age for Basij Forces (Popular Mobilization Army); conscript military service obligation - 18 months; women exempt from military service (2008)
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Население призывного возраста:
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мужчины с 16 до 49 лет: 20,212,275
женщины с 16 до 49 лет: 19,638,751 (2008 est.)
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Люди, подходящие для службы в армии:
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мужчины с 16 до 49 лет: 17,416,126
женщины с 16 до 49 лет: 16,928,226 (2008 est.)
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Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
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мужчины с 16 до 49 лет: 766,668
женщины с 16 до 49 лет: 727,654 (2008 est.)
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Армия расходы:
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2.5% (2006)
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Международные разногласия:
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Иран protests Афганистан's limiting flow of dammed tributaries to the Helmand River in periods of drought; Ирак's lack of a maritime boundary with Иран prompts jurisdiction disputes beyond the mouth of the Shatt al Arab in the Persian Gulf; Иран и UAE dispute Tunb Islands и Abu Musa Island, which are occupied by Иран; Иран stands alone among littoral states in insisting upon a division of the Caspian Sea into five equal sectors
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Беженцы и вынужденные переселенцы:
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беженцы (country of origin): 914,268 (Афганистан); 54,024 (Ирак) (2007)
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Trafficking in persons:
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current situation: Иран is a source, transit, и destination country for women trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation и involuntary servitude; Iranian women are trafficked internally for the purpose of forced prostitution и for forced marriages to settle debts; Iranian children are trafficked internally и Afghan children are trafficked into Иран for the purpose of forced marriages, commercial sexual exploitation, и involuntary servitude as beggars или laborers
tier rating: Tier 3 - Иран did not provide evidence of law enforcement activities against trafficking, и credible reports indicate that Iranian authorities punish victims of trafficking with beatings, imprisonment, и execution; Иран has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)
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Транзит наркотиков:
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despite substantial interdiction efforts и considerable control measures along the border with Афганистан, Иран remains один of the primary transshipment routes for Southwest азиаты heroin to Europe; suffers один of the highest opiate addiction rates in the world, и has an increasing problem with synthetic drugs; lacks anti-money laundering laws; has reached out to neighboring countries to share counter-drug intelligence
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Последние изменения на эту страницу были внесены 4 сентября 2008 года.
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