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Страна
Constitution
Афганистан new constitution drafted 14 December 2003-4 January 2004; signed 16 January 2004
Akrotiri Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri и Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, принята 16 August 1960, functions as a basic legal document
Албания adopted by popular referendum on 22 November 1998; promulgated 28 November 1998
Алжир 8 September 1963; revised 19 November 1976, принята 22 November 1976; revised 3 November 1988, 23 February 1989, и 28 November 1996
Американское Самоа ratified 2 June 1966, принята 1 July 1967
Андорра Андорра's first written constitution was drafted in 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, принята 28 April 1993
Ангола adopted by Люди's Assembly 25 August 1992
Ангилья Ангилья Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990
Антигуа и Барбуда 1 November 1981
Аргентина 1 May 1853; amended many times starting in 1860
Армения adopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995; amendments adopted through a nationwide referendum 27 November 2005
Аруба 1 January 1986
Австралия 9 July 1900, принята 1 January 1901
Австрия 1920; revised 1929; reinstated 1 May 1945; note - during the period 1 May 1934-1 May 1945 there was a fascist (corporative) constitution in place
Азербайджан adopted 12 November 1995
Багамские Острова, The 10 July 1973
Бахрейн adopted 14 February 2002
Бангладеш 4 November 1972, принята 16 December 1972; suspended following coup of 24 March 1982, restored 10 November 1986; amended many times
Барбадос 30 November 1966
Беларусь 15 March 1994; revised by national referendum of 24 November 1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers и became принята 27 November 1996; revised again 17 October 2004 removing presidential term limits
Бельгия 7 February 1831; amended many times; revised 14 July 1993 to create a federal state
Белиз 21 September 1981
Бенин adopted by referendum 2 December 1990
Бермуды 8 June 1968; amended 1989 и 2003
Бутан ratified 23 July 2008
Боливия 2 February 1967; revised in August 1994; possible referendum on new constitution to be held in 2008
Босния и Герцеговина the Dayton Agreement, signed 14 December 1995 in Paris, included a new constitution now in force; note - each of the entities also has its own constitution
Ботсвана March 1965, принята 30 September 1966
Бразилия 5 October 1988
Британские Виргинские острова 13 June 2007
Бруней 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)
Болгария adopted 12 July 1991
Буркина Фасо 2 June 1991 approved by referendum, 11 June 1991 formally adopted; last amended January 2002
Мьянма 30 May 2008
Бурунди 28 February 2005; ratified by popular referendum
Камбоджа promulgated 21 September 1993
Камерун 20 May 1972 approved by referendum, adopted 2 June 1972; revised January 1996
Канада made up of unwritten и written acts, customs, judicial decisions, и traditions; the written part of the constitution consists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created a федерация of four provinces, и the Constitution Act of 17 April 1982, which transferred formal control over the constitution from Britain to Канада, и added a Canadian Charter of Rights и Freedoms as well as procedures for constitutional amendments
Кабо-Верде 25 September 1992; a major revision on 23 November 1995 substantially increased the powers of the president; a 1999 revision created the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica)
Каймановы Острoва 1959; revised 1962, 1972, и 1994
Центральноафриканская Республика ratified by popular referendum 5 December 2004; принята 27 December 2004
Чад passed by referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendum removed constitutional term limits
Чили 11 September 1980, принята 11 March 1981; amended 1989, 1991, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2003, и 2005
Китай most recent promulgation 4 December 1982
Рождества Остров Рождества Остров Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992
Кокосовые Острова Кокосовые Острова Act of 1955 (23 November 1955) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992
Колумбия 5 July 1991; amended many times
Коморские Острова 23 December 2001
Congo, Democratic Республика the 18 February 2006
Congo, Республика the approved by referendum 20 January 2002
Острова Кука 4 August 1965
Коста-Рика 7 November 1949
Кот-д’Ивуар approved by referendum 23 July 2000
Хорватия adopted on 22 December 1990; revised 2000, 2001
Куба 24 February 1976; amended July 1992 и June 2002
Кипр 16 August 1960
примечание: from December 1963, the Turkish Cypriots no longer participated in the government; negotiations to create the basis for a new или revised constitution to govern the island и for better relations between Greek и Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently since the mid-1960s; in 1975, following the 1974 Turkish intervention, Turkish Cypriots created their own constitution и governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated State Кипра," which became the "Turkish Республика Northern Кипр (TRNC)" when the Turkish Cypriots declared their independence in 1983; a new constitution for the "TRNC" passed by referendum on 5 May 1985, although the "TRNC" remains unrecognized by any country other than Турция
Чешская республика ratified 16 December 1992, принята 1 January 1993
Дания 5 June 1953 constitution allowed for a unicameral legislature и a female chief of state
Dhekelia Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri и Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, принята 16 August 1960, functions as a basic legal document
Джибути multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992
Доминика 3 November 1978
Доминиканская республика 28 November 1966; amended 25 July 2002
Эквадор 10 August 1998
Египет 11 September 1971; amended 22 May 1980, 25 May 2005, и 26 March 2007
Сальвадор 20 December 1983
Экваториальная Гвинея approved by national referendum 17 November 1991; amended January 1995
Эритрея a transitional constitution, decreed on 19 May 1993, was replaced by a new constitution adopted on 23 May 1997, but not yet implemented
Эстония adopted 28 June 1992
Эфиопия ratified 8 December 1994, принята 22 August 1995
Европейское сообщество based on a series of treaties: the Treaty of Paris, which set up the European Coal и Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951; the Treaties of Rome, which set up the European Economic Community (EEC) и the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in 1957; the Single European Act in 1986; the Treaty on Европейское сообщество (Maastricht) in 1992; the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997; и the Treaty of Nice in 2003; note - a new draft Constitutional Treaty, signed on 29 October 2004 in Rome, gave member states two лет for ratification either by parliamentary vote или national referendum before it was scheduled to take effect on 1 November 2006; defeat in French и Dutch referenda in May-June 2005 dealt a severe setback to the ratification process; in June 2007, the European Council agreed on a clear и concise mandate for an Intergovernmental Conference to form a political agreement и put it into legal form; this agreement, known as the Reform Treaty, would have served as a constitution и was presented to the European Council in October 2007 for individual country ratification; it was rejected by Irish voters in June 2008, again stalling the ratification process
Фолклендские ( Мальвинские) осторова 3 October 1985; amended 1997 и 1998
Фарерские Острова 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Фиджи enacted on 25 July 1997 to encourage multiculturalism и make multiparty government mandatory; принята 28 July 1998
Финляндия 1 March 2000
Франция adopted by referendum 28 September 1958, принята 4 October 1958
примечание: amended concerning election of president in 1962; amended to comply with provisions of 1992 EC Maastricht Treaty, 1997 Amsterdam Treaty, 2003 Treaty of Nice; amended to tighten immigration laws in 1993; amended in 2000 to change the seven-year presidential term to a five-year term; amended in 2005 to make the EU constitutional treaty compatible with the Constitution Франции и to ensure that the decision to ratify EU accession treaties would be made by referendum
Французская Полинезия 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Габон adopted 14 March 1991
Гамбия approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; принята 16 January 1997
Грузия adopted 24 August 1995
Германия 23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of the united Германия 3 October 1990
Гана approved 28 April 1992
Гибралтар: заморская территория Великобритании 5 June 2006; came into force 2 January 2007
Греция 11 June 1975; amended March 1986 и April 2001
Гренландия 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Гренада 19 December 1973
Гуам Organic Act Гуама, 1 August 1950
Гватемала 31 May 1985, принята 14 January 1986; note - suspended 25 May 1993 by former Президент Jorge SERRANO; reinstated 5 June 1993 following ouster of president; amended November 1993
Гернси: коронная земля Великобритании unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law и practice
Гвинея 23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)
Гвинея-Бисау 16 May 1984; amended 4 May 1991, 4 December 1991, 26 February 1993, 9 June 1993, и in 1996
Гвиана 6 October 1980
Гаити approved March 1987; suspended June 1988 with most articles reinstated March 1989; constitutional government ousted in a military coup in September 1991, although in October 1991, military government claimed to be observing the constitution; returned to constitutional rule in October 1994; constitution, while technically in force between 2004-2006, was not enforced; returned to constitutional rule in May 2006
Ватикан new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II on 26 November 2000, принята 22 February 2001 (replaces the first Fundamental Law of 1929)
Гондурас 11 January 1982, принята 20 January 1982; amended many times
Гонконг Basic Law, approved in March 1990 by Китай's National Люди's Congress, is Гонконг 's "mini-constitution"
Венгрия 18 August 1949, принята 20 August 1949; revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals и constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister и also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997 amendment streamlined the judicial system
Исландия 16 June 1944, принята 17 June 1944; amended many times
Индия 26 January 1950; amended many times
Индонeзия August 1945; abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 и Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959; series of amendments concluded in 2002
Иран 2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the presidency и eliminate the prime ministership
Ирак ratified on 15 October 2005 (subject to review by the Constitutional Review Committee и a possible public referendum )
Ирландия adopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite; принята 29 December 1937
Остров Мэн unwritten; note - The Остров Мэн Constitution Act of 1961 does not embody the unwritten Manx Constitution
Израиль no formal constitution; some of the functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the Basic Laws of the parliament (Knesset), и the Israeli citizenship law; note - since May 2003 the Constitution, Law, и Justice Committee of the Knesset has been working on a draft constitution
Италия passed 11 December 1947, принята 1 January 1948; amended many times
Ямайка 6 August 1962
Япония 3 May 1947
Джерси: коронная земля Великобритании unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law и practice
Иордания 1 January 1952; amended many times
Казахстан first post-independence constitution adopted 28 January 1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995
Кения 12 December 1963; amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1997, 2001; note - a new draft constitution was defeated by popular referendum in 2005
Кирибати 12 July 1979
Северная Корея adopted 1948; completely revised 27 December 1972, revised again in April 1992, и September 1998
Южная Корея 17 July 1948; note - amended или rewritten nine times; current constitution approved on 29 October 1987
Косовo ratified 9 April 2008; принята 15 June 2008
Кювейт approved и promulgated 11 November 1962
Киргизия adopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed by Президент Askar AKAYEV и passed in a national referendum on 2 February 2003 significantly expanded the powers of the president at the expense of the legislature; during large-scale demonstrations in November 2006, Президент BAKIEV и the opposition negotiated a new constitution granting greater powers to the parliament и the government; amendments added on 30 December 2006 redistributed some power back to the president, but both November и December 2006 versions were annulled in September 2007, и a new version was approved by referendum on 21 October 2007; the BAKIEV-initiated referendum was criticized by Western observers for voting irregularities, particularly ballot stuffing
Лаоc promulgated 14 August 1991
Латвия 15 February 1922; restored to force by the Constitutional Law of the Республика Латвия adopted by the Supreme Council on 21 August 1991; multiple amendments since
Ливан 23 May 1926; amended a number of times, most recently Charter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord) of October 1989
Лесото 2 April 1993
Либерия 6 January 1986
Либия none; note - following the September 1969 military overthrow of the Libyan government, the Revolutionary Command Council replaced the existing constitution with the Constitutional Proclamation in December 1969; in March 1977, Либия adopted the Declaration of the Establishment of the Люди's Authority
Лихтенштейн 5 October 1921
Литва adopted 25 October 1992
Люксембург 17 October 1868; occasional revisions
Macau Basic Law, approved on 31 March 1993 by Китай's National Люди's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Македония adopted 17 November 1991, принята 20 November 1991; amended November 2001 by a series of new constitutional amendments strengthening minority rights и in 2005 with amendments related to the judiciary
Мадагаскар 19 August 1992 by national referendum
Малави 18 May 1994
Малазия 31 August 1957 (amended many times, latest in 2007)
Мальдивы adopted 1 January 1998
Мали adopted 12 January 1992
Мальта 1964 constitution; amended many times
Маршалловы Острова 1 May 1979
Мавритания 12 July 1991
Маврикий 12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992
Майотта: заморская территория Франции 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Мексика 5 February 1917
Микронезия 10 May 1979
Молдавия new constitution adopted 29 July 1994, принята 27 August 1994; replaced old Soviet constitution of 1979
Монако 17 December 1962
Монголия 12 February 1992
Монтенегро 19 October 2007 (approved by the Assembly)
Монтсеррат: заморская территория Великобритании принята 19 December 1989
Мороккo 10 March 1972; revised 4 September 1992, amended (to create bicameral legislature) September 1996
Мозамбик 30 November 1990
Намибия ratified 9 February 1990, принята 12 March 1990
Науру 29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968 (Constitution Day)
Непал 9 November 1990; note - a new interim constitution was promulgated in January 2007; the November 2006 peace agreement calls for the election of a Constituent Assembly to draft a new permanent constitution
Нидерланды adopted 1815; amended many times, most recently in 2002
Нидерландские Антильские о-ва 29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the Нидерланды, as amended
Новая Каледония: заморская территория Франции 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Новая Зеландия consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the Великобритания и Новая Зеландия Parliaments, as well as The Constitution Act 1986, which is the principal formal charter; adopted 1 January 1987, принята 1 January 1987
Никарагуа 9 January 1987; reforms in 1995, 2000, и 2005
Нигер new constitution adopted 18 July 1999
Нигерия new constitution adopted 5 May 1999; принята 29 May 1999
Ниуэ 19 October 1974 (Ниуэ Constitution Act)
Норфолк Норфолк Act of 1979, as amended in 2005
Северные Марианские острова Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Северные Марианские острова принята 1 January 1978; Covenant Agreement fully принята 4 November 1986
Норвегия 17 May 1814; amended many times
Оман none; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royal decree promulgating a basic law considered by the government to be a constitution which, among other things, clarifies the royal succession, provides for a prime minister, bars ministers from holding interests in companies doing business with the government, establishes a bicameral legislature, и guarantees basic civil liberties for Omani citizens
Пакистан 12 April 1973; suspended 5 July 1977, restored 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored in stages in 2002; amended 31 December 2003; suspended 3 November 2007; restored on 15 December 2007
Палау 1 January 1981
Панама 11 October 1972; major reforms adopted 1978, 1983, 1994, и 2004
Папуа — Новая Гвинея 16 September 1975
Парагвай promulgated 20 June 1992
Перу 29 December 1993
Филиппины 2 February 1987, принята 11 February 1987
Питкэрн: заморская территория Великобритании 30 November 1838; reformed 1904 with additional reforms in 1940; further refined by the Local Правление Ordinance of 1964
Польша adopted by the National Assembly 2 April 1997; passed by national referendum 25 May 1997; принята 17 October 1997
Португалия adopted 2 April 1976; note - subsequent revisions of the Constitution placed the military under strict civilian control, trimmed the powers of the president, и laid the groundwork for a stable, pluralistic liberal democracy; as well, they allowed for the privatization of nationalized firms и the government-owned communications media
Пуэрто-Рико ratified 3 March 1952; approved by US Congress 3 July 1952; принята 25 July 1952
Катар ratified by public referendum on 29 April 2003, endorsed by the Amir on 8 June 2004, принята on 9 June 2005
Румыния 8 December 1991; revision принята 29 October 2003
Россия adopted 12 December 1993
Руанда new constitution passed by referendum 26 May 2003
Сен-Бартельми 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Святой Елены остров 1 January 1989
Сент-Китс и Невис 19 September 1983
Сент-Люсия 22 February 1979
Saint Martin 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Сен-Пьер и Микелон: заморская территория Франции 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Сент-Винсент и Гренадины 27 October 1979
Самоа 1 January 1962
Сан-Маринo 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Сан-Томе и Принсипи approved March 1990, принята 10 September 1990
Саудовская Аравия governed according to Islamic law; the Basic Law that articulates the government's rights и responsibilities was promulgated by royal decree in 1992
Сенегал adopted 7 January 2001
Сербия adopted 8 November 2006; принята 10 November 2006
Сейшельские Острова 18 June 1993
Сьерра-Леоне 1 October 1991; subsequently amended several times
Сингапур 3 June 1959; amended 1965 (based on preindependence State Сингапуа Constitution)
Словакия ratified 1 September 1992, принята 1 January 1993; changed in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president; amended February 2001 to allow Словакия to apply for NATO и EU membership
Словения adopted 23 December 1991
Соломоновы Острова 7 July 1978
Сомали 25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979
примечание: the formation of transitional governing institutions, known as the Transitional Federal Правление, is currently ongoing
Южно-Африканская Республика 10 December 1996; this new constitution was certified by the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996, was signed by then Президент MANDELA on 10 December 1996, и entered into effect on 4 February 1997
Испания approved by legislature 31 October 1978; passed by referendum 6 December 1978, принята 29 December 1978
Шри-Ланка adopted 16 August 1978, certified 31 August 1978
Судан constitution implemented on 30 June 1998, partially suspended 12 December 1999 by Президент BASHIR; under the CPA, Interim National Constitution ratified 5 July 2005; Constitution of Southern Судан signed December 2005
Суринам ratified 30 September 1987; принята 30 October 1987
Свазиленд signed by the King in July 2005 went into effect on 8 February 2006
Швеция 1 January 1975
Швейцария revision of Constitution of 1874 approved by the Federal Parliament 18 December 1998, adopted by referendum 18 April 1999, officially entered into force 1 January 2000
Сирия 13 March 1973
Тайвань 25 December 1947; amended in 1992, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2005
примечание: constitution adopted on 25 December 1946; went into effect on 25 December 1947
Таджикистан 6 November 1994
Танзания 25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984
Таиланд constitution signed by King PHUMIPHON (BHUMIBOL) on 24 August 2007
Восточный Тимор 22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model)
Того multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992, adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
Токелау administered under the Токелау Islands Act of 1948; amended in 1970
Тонга 4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967
Тринидад и Тобаго 1 August 1976
Тунис 1 June 1959; amended 1988, 2002
Турция 7 November 1982
Туркменистан adopted 18 May 1992
Тёркс и Кайкос Тёркс и Кайкос Constitution Order 2006 (принята 9 August 2006)
Тувалу 1 October 1978
Угадна 8 October 1995; in 2005 the constitution was amended removing presidential term limits и legalizing a multiparty political system
Украина adopted 28 June 1996
Объединенные Арабские Эмираты 2 December 1971; made permanent in 1996
Великобритания unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law и practice
США 17 September 1787, принята 4 March 1789
Уругвай 27 November 1966, принята 15 February 1967; suspended 27 June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980; two constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989 и 7 January 1997
Узбекистан adopted 8 December 1992
Вануату 30 July 1980
Венесуэлa 30 December 1999
Вьетнам 15 April 1992
Виргинские Острова (Британские) Revised Organic Act of 22 July 1954
Уоллис и Футуна 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Емен 16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 и February 2001
Замбия 24 August 1991; amended in 1996 to establish presidential term limits
Зимбабве 21 December 1979

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