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Страна
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Telephone system
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Афганистан
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общая оценка: limited landline telephone service; an increasing number of Afghans utilize mobile-cellular phone networks in major cities
внутри страны: aided by the presence of multiple providers, mobile-cellular telephone service is improving rapidly
международные: код страны - 93; five VSAT's installed in Kabul, Herat, Mazar-e-Sharif, Kandahar, и Jalalabad provide international и domestic voice и data connectivity (2007) |
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Албания
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общая оценка: despite new investment in fixed lines, the density of main lines remains low with roughly 10 lines per 100 people; cellular telephone use is widespread и generally принята; combined fixed line и mobile telephone density is approximately 60 telephones per 100 persons
внутри страны: offsetting the shortage of fixed line capacity, mobile phone service has been available since 1996; by 2003 two companies were providing mobile services at a greater density than some Албании's neighbors; Интернет broadband services initiated in 2005; internet cafes are popular in Tirana и have started to spread outside the capital
международные: код страны - 355; submarine cable provides connectivity to Италия, Хорватия, и Греция; the Trans-Balkan Line, a combination submarine cable и land fiber-optic system, provides additional connectivity to Болгария, Македония, и Турция; international traffic carried by fiber-optic cable и, when necessary, by microwave radio relay from the Tirana exchange to Италия и Греция (2007) |
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Алжир
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общая оценка: a weak network of fixed-main lines, which remains low at less than 10 telephones per 100 persons, is partially offset by the rapid increase in mobile cellular subscribership; in 2006, combined fixed-line и mobile telephone density surpassed 70 telephones per 100 persons
внутри страны: privatization Алжира's телекоммуникации sector began in 2000; three mobile cellular licenses have been issued и, in 2005, a consortium led by Египет's Orascom Telecom won a 15-year license to build и operate a fixed-line network in Алжир; the license will allow Orascom to develop high-speed data и other specialized services и contribute to meeting the large unfulfilled demand for basic residential telephony; internet broadband services began in 2003 with approximately 200,000 subscribers in 2006
международные: код страны - 213; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 fiber- optic submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, the Middle East, и Азия; microwave radio relay to Италия, Франция, Испания, Мороккo, и Тунис; coaxial cable to Мороккo и Тунис; participant in Medarabtel; satellite earth stations - 51 (Intelsat, Intersputnik, и Arabsat) (2007) |
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Американское Самоа
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: good telex, telegraph, facsimile, и cellular telephone services; domestic satellite system with 1 Comsat earth station
международные: код страны - 1-684; satellite earth station - 1 (Intelsat-Тихий океан) |
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Андорра
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges
международные: код страны - 376; landline circuits to Франция и Испания |
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Ангола
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общая оценка: system inadequate; fewer than один fixed-line per 100 persons; combined fixed line и mobile telephone density approached 20 telephones per 100 persons in 2006
внутри страны: state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed-lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, и services poor; Telecom Намибия, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Ангола's fixed-line telephone network; Ангола Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 и the network has been extended to larger towns; a privately-owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001
международные: код страны - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe и Азия; satellite earth stations - 29 (2007) |
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Ангилья
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: modern internal telephone system
международные: код страны - 1-264; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the Британские Виргинские острова to Trinidad; microwave radio relay to island of Saint Martin (Guadeloupe и Нидерландские Антильские о-ва) (2007) |
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Антарктика
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общая оценка: local systems at some research stations
внутри страны: commercial cellular networks operating in a small number of locations
международные: код страны - none allocated; via satellite (including mobile Inmarsat и Iridium systems) to и from all research stations, ships, самолеты, и most field parties (2007) |
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Антигуа и Барбуда
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: good automatic telephone system
международные: код страны - 1-268; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the Британские Виргинские острова to Trinidad; satellite earth stations - 2; tropospheric scatter to Saba (Нидерландские Антильские о-ва) и Guadeloupe (2007) |
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Аргентина
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общая оценка: by opening the телекоммуникации market to competition и foreign investment with the "Telecommunications Liberalization Plan of 1998," Аргентина encouraged the growth of modern телекоммуникации technology; fiber-optic cable trunk lines are being installed between all major cities; major networks are entirely digital и the availability of telephone service is improving; fixed-line telephone density is gradually increasing reaching nearly 25 lines per 100 people in 2006; mobile telephone density has been increasing rapidly и has reached a level of 80 telephones per 100 persons
внутри страны: microwave radio relay, fiber-optic cable, и a domestic satellite system with 40 earth stations serve the trunk network; more than 110,000 pay telephones are installed и mobile telephone use is rapidly expanding; broadband services are gaining ground
международные: код страны - 54; landing point for the Atlantis-2, UNISUR, и South America-1 optical submarine cable systems that provide links to Europe, Africa, South и Central America, и US; satellite earth stations - 112; 2 international gateways near Buenos Aires (2007) |
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Армения
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общая оценка: телекоммуникации investments have made major inroads in modernizing и upgrading the outdated телекоммуникации network inherited from the Soviet era; now 100% privately owned и undergoing modernization и expansion; mobile-cellular services monopoly terminated in late 2004 и a second provider began operations in mid-2005
внутри страны: reliable modern landline и mobile-cellular services are available across Ереван in major cities и towns; significant but ever-shrinking gaps remain in mobile-cellular coverage in rural areas
международные: код страны - 374; Ереван is connected to the Trans-Азия-Europe fiber-optic cable through Иран; additional international service is available by microwave radio relay и landline connections to the other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, through the Moscow international switch, и by satellite to the rest of the world; satellite earth stations - 3 (2007) |
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Аруба
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общая оценка: modern fully automatic телекоммуникации system
внутри страны: increased competition through privatization; 3 wireless service providers are now licensed
международные: код страны - 297; landing site for the PAN-AM submarine телекоммуникации cable system that extends from the US Виргинские Острова (Британские) through Аруба to Венесуэлa, Колумбия, Панама, и the запад coast of South America; extensive interisland microwave radio relay links (2007) |
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Австралия
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общая оценка: excellent domestic и international service
внутри страны: domestic satellite system; significant use of radiotelephone in areas of low population density; rapid growth of mobile cellular telephones
международные: код страны - 61; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical телекоммуникации submarine cable with links to Азия, the Middle East, и Europe; the Southern Cross fiber optic submarine cable provides links to Новая Зеландия и the США; satellite earth stations - 19 (10 Intelsat - 4 Индийский океан и 6 Тихий океан, 2 Inmarsat - Indian и Тихий океан regions, 2 Globalstar, 5 other) (2007) |
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Австрия
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общая оценка: highly developed и efficient
внутри страны: fixed-line subscribership has been in decline since the mid-1990s with mobile-cellular subscribership elipsing it by the late 1990s; the fiber-optic net is very extensive; all telephone applications и Интернет services are available
международные: код страны - 43; satellite earth stations - 15; in addition, there are about 600 VSATs (very small aperture terminals) (2007) |
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Азербайджан
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общая оценка: inadequate; requires considerable expansion и modernization; teledensity of 15 main lines per 100 persons is low; mobile-cellular penetration is increasing и is currently about 40 telephones per 100 persons
внутри страны: fixed-line telephony и a broad range of other telecom services are controlled by a state-owned телекоммуникации monopoly и growth has been stagnant; more competition exists in the mobile-cellular market with three providers in 2006; satellite service connects Baku to a modern switch in its exclave of Naxcivan
международные: код страны - 994; the old Soviet system of cable и microwave is still serviceable; satellite earth stations - 2 (2007) |
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Багамские Острова, The
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общая оценка: modern facilities
внутри страны: totally automatic system; highly developed; the Багамские Острова Domestic Submarine Network links 14 of the islands и is designed to satisfy increasing demand for voice и broadband internet services
международные: код страны - 1-242; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic submarine cable that provides links to South и Central America, parts of the Caribbean, и the US; satellite earth stations - 2 (2007) |
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Бахрейн
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общая оценка: modern system
внутри страны: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile-cellular telephones
международные: код страны - 973; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) submarine cable network that provides links to Азия, Middle East, Europe, и US; tropospheric scatter to Катар и UAE; microwave radio relay to Саудовская Аравия; satellite earth station - 1 (2007) |
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Бангладеш
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общая оценка: totally inadequate for a modern country; fixed-line telephone density of less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density of 13 per 100 persons
внутри страны: modernizing; introducing digital systems; trunk systems include VHF и UHF microwave radio relay links, и some fiber-optic cable in cities
международные: код страны - 880; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 fiber-optic submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, the Middle East и Азия; satellite earth stations - 6; international radiotelephone communications и landline service to neighboring countries (2007) |
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Барбадос
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общая оценка: fixed-line teledensity of roughly 50 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density of 75 per 100 persons
внутри страны: island-wide automatic telephone system
международные: код страны - 1-246; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the Британские Виргинские острова to Trinidad; satellite earth stations - 1 (Intelsat -Атлантический океан); tropospheric scatter to Trinidad и Сент-Люсия (2007) |
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Беларусь
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общая оценка: Беларусь lags behind its neighbors in upgrading телекоммуникации infrastructure; state-owned Beltelcom is the sole provider of fixed-line local и long distance service; fixed-line teledensity of 33 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density of 58 per 100 persons; modernization of the network progressing with roughly two-thirds of switching equipment now digital
внутри страны: fixed-line penetration is improving although rural areas continue to be underserved; 4 GSM wireless networks are experiencing rapid growth; strict government controls on телекоммуникации technologies
международные: код страны - 375; Беларусь is a member of the Trans-European Line (TEL), Trans-Азия-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line, и has access to the Trans-Siberia Line (TSL); 3 fiber-optic segments provide connectivity to Латвия, Польша, Россия, и Украина; worldwide service is available to Беларусь through this infrastructure; additional analog lines to Россия; Intelsat, Eutelsat, и Intersputnik earth stations (2007) |
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Бельгия
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общая оценка: highly developed, technologically advanced, и completely automated domestic и international telephone и telegraph facilities
внутри страны: nationwide cellular telephone system; extensive cable network; limited microwave radio relay network
международные: код страны - 32; landing point for a number of submarine cables that provide links to Europe, the Middle East, и Азия; satellite earth stations - 7 (Intelsat - 3) (2007) |
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Белиз
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общая оценка: above-average system; fixed-line teledensity of 12 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density of about 40 per 100 persons
внутри страны: trunk network depends primarily on microwave radio relay
международные: код страны - 501; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic телекоммуникации submarine cable that provides links to South и Central America, parts of the Caribbean, и the US; satellite earth station - 8 (Intelsat - 2, unknown - 6) (2007) |
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Бенин
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общая оценка: inadequate; fixed-line network is almost saturated with fixed-line teledensity stuck at a meager 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone subscribership is increasing
внутри страны: fair system of open-wire, microwave radio relay, и cellular connections; four mobile-cellular providers
международные: код страны - 229; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe и Азия; satellite earth stations - 7 (Intelsat-Атлантический океан) (2007) |
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Бермуды
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общая оценка: good
внутри страны: fully automatic digital telephone system; fiber optic trunk lines
международные: код страны - 1-441; landing point for the Atlantica-1 телекоммуникации submarine cable that extends from the US to Бразилия; satellite earth stations - 3 (2007) |
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Бутан
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общая оценка: urban towns и district headquarters have телекоммуникации services
внутри страны: very low teledensity; domestic service is very poor especially in rural areas; wireless service available since 2003
международные: код страны - 975; international telephone и telegraph service via landline и microwave relay through Индия; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (2007) |
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Боливия
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общая оценка: privatization beginning in 1995; reliability has steadily improved; new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz и other cities; mobile-cellular telephone use expanding rapidly; fixed-line teledensity of 7 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density of 27 per 100 persons
внутри страны: primary trunk system, which is being expanded, employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; mobile cellular systems are being expanded
международные: код страны - 591; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) (2007) |
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Босния и Герцеговина
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общая оценка: telephone и telegraph network needs modernization и expansion; many urban areas are below average as contrasted with services in other former Yugoslav republics
внутри страны: fixed-line teledensity is roughly 20 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density is about 22 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 387; no satellite earth stations (2006) |
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Ботсвана
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общая оценка: the system is expanding with the growth of mobile-cellular service и participation in regional development; system is fully digital with fiber-optic cables linking the major population centers in the восток; fixed-line connections declined in recent лет и now stand at 8 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density currently is about 60 per 100 persons
внутри страны: small system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, и a few radiotelephone communication stations; mobile-cellular service is growing fast
международные: код страны - 267; international calls are made via satellite, using international direct dialing; 2 international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Намибия, Замбия, Зимбабве , и Южно-Африканская Республика; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Индийский океан) (2007) |
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Бразилия
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общая оценка: good working system; fixed-line connections have remained relatively stable in recent лет и stand at about 20 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density has risen to nearly 55 per 100 persons
внутри страны: extensive microwave radio relay system и a domestic satellite system with 64 earth stations; mobile-cellular usage has more than tripled in the past 5 лет
международные: код страны - 55; landing point for a number of submarine cables that provide direct links to South и Central America, the Caribbean, the US, Africa, и Europe; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Атлантический океан), 1 Inmarsat (Атлантический океан region восток), connected by microwave relay system to Mercosur Brazilsat B3 satellite earth station (2007) |
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Британская территория в Индийском океане
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общая оценка: separate facilities for military и public needs are available
внутри страны: all commercial telephone services are available, including connection to the Интернет
международные: код страны (Diego Garcia) - 246; international telephone service is carried by satellite (2000) |
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Британские Виргинские острова
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общая оценка: worldwide telephone service
внутри страны: нет
международные: код страны - 1-284; connected via submarine cable to Бермуды; the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) submarine cable provides connectivity to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean (2007) |
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Бруней
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общая оценка: service throughout the country is excellent; international service is good to Southeast Азия, Middle East, Western Europe, и the US
внутри страны: every service available
международные: код страны - 673; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical телекоммуникации submarine cable that provides links to Азия, the Middle East, и Europe; the Азия-America Gateway submarine cable network, scheduled for completion by late 2008, will provide new links to Азия и the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Индийский океан и 1 Тихий океан) (2007) |
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Болгария
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общая оценка: an extensive but antiquated телекоммуникации network inherited from the Soviet era; quality has improved; the Болгария Telecommunications Company's fixed-line monopoly terminated in 2005 when alternative fixed-line operators were given access to its network; a drop in fixed-line connections in recent лет has been offset by a sharp increase in mobile-cellular telephone use fostered by multiple service providers
внутри страны: a fairly modern digital cable trunk line now connects switching centers in most of the regions; the others are connected by digital microwave radio relay
международные: код страны - 359; submarine cable provides connectivity to Украина и Россия; a combination submarine cable и land fiber-optic system provides connectivity to Италия, Албания, и Македония; satellite earth stations - 3 (1 Intersputnik in the Атлантический океан region, 2 Intelsat in the Atlantic и Индийский океан regions) (2007) |
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Буркина Фасо
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общая оценка: services only fair; in 2006 the government sold a 51 percent stake in the national telephone company и ultimately plans to retain only a 23 percent stake in the company; fixed-line connections stand at less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage, fostered by multiple providers, is increasing rapidly from a low base
внутри страны: microwave radio relay, open-wire, и radiotelephone communication stations
международные: код страны - 226; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) (2007) |
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Мьянма
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общая оценка: meets minimum requirements for local и intercity service for business и government; international service is good
внутри страны: system capable of providing basic service; cellular mobile phone system functions more efficiently than traditional lines
международные: код страны - 95; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical телекоммуникации submarine cable that provides links to Азия, the Middle East, и Europe; satellite earth stations - 2, Intelsat (Индийский океан), и ShinSat (2007) |
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Бурунди
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общая оценка: primitive system; telephone density один of the lowest in the world; fixed-line connections stand at well less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is increasing but remains at a meager 2 per 100 persons
внутри страны: sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone communications, и low-capacity microwave radio relay
международные: код страны - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Индийский океан) (2007) |
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Камбоджа
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общая оценка: mobile-phone systems are widely used in urban areas to bypass deficiencies in the fixed-line network; fixed-line connections stand at well less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage, aided by increasing competition among service providers, is increasing и stands at about 8 per 100 persons
внутри страны: adequate landline и/или cellular service in Phnom Penh и other provincial cities; mobile-phone coverage is rapidly expanding in rural areas
международные: код страны - 855; adequate but expensive landline и cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh и major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Индийский океан region) (2007) |
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Камерун
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общая оценка: fixed-line connections stand at less than 1 per 100 persons; equipment is old и outdated, и connections with many parts of the country are unreliable; mobile-cellular usage, in part a reflection of the poor condition и general inadequacy of the fixed-line network, has been increasing steadily и currently stands at 14 per 100 persons
внутри страны: cable, microwave radio relay, и tropospheric scatter
международные: код страны - 237; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe и Азия; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) (2007) |
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Канада
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общая оценка: excellent service provided by modern technology
внутри страны: domestic satellite system with about 300 earth stations
международные: код страны - 1; submarine cables provide links to the US и Europe; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Атлантический океан и 1 Тихий океан, и 2 Intersputnik - Атлантический океан region) (2007) |
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Кабо-Верде
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общая оценка: принята system, extensive modernization from 1996-2000 following partial privatization in 1995
внутри страны: major service provider is Cabo Verde Telecom (CVT); fiber-optic ring, completed in 2001, links all islands providing Интернет access и ISDN services; cellular service introduced in 1998; broadband services launched in 2004
международные: код страны - 238; landing point for the Atlantis-2 fiber-optic transatlantic telephone cable that provides links to South America, Сенегал , и Europe; HF radiotelephone to Сенегал и Гвинея-Бисау; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) (2007) |
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Каймановы Острoва
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общая оценка: reasonably good system
внутри страны: liberalization of telecom market in 2003; introduction of competition in the mobile-cellular market in 2004
международные: код страны - 1-345; landing point for the MAYA-1 submarine telephone cable network that provides links to the US и parts of Central и South America; submarine cable provides connectivity to Ямайка; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) (2007) |
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Центральноафриканская Республика
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общая оценка: limited telephone service; fixed-line connections for well less than 1 per 100 persons coupled with mobile-cellular usage of only about 3 per 100 persons
внутри страны: network consists principally of microwave radio relay и low-capacity, low-powered radiotelephone communication
международные: код страны - 236; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) (2007) |
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Чад
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общая оценка: primitive system with high costs и low telephone density
внутри страны: fair system of radiotelephone communication stations
международные: код страны - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) (2007) |
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Чили
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общая оценка: privatization began in 1988; advanced телекоммуникации infrastructure; modern system based on extensive microwave radio relay facilities; fixed-line connections have dropped in recent лет as mobile-cellular usage continues to increase, reaching a level of 75 telephones per 100 persons
внутри страны: extensive microwave radio relay links; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations
международные: код страны - 56; submarine cables provide links to the US и to Central и South America; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) (2007) |
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Китай
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общая оценка: domestic и international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, и many towns; Китай continues to develop its телекоммуникации infrastructure, и is partnering with foreign providers to expand its global reach; 3 Китая's 6 major телекоммуникации operators are part of an international consortium which, in December 2006, signed an agreement with Verizon Business to build the first next-generation fiber optic submarine cable system directly linking the US mainland и Китай
внутри страны: interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines и cellular telephone systems have been installed; mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing rapidly; the number of internet users reached 162 миллионов in 2007; a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place
международные: код страны - 86; a number of submarine cables provide connectivity to Азия, the Middle East, Europe, и the US; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Тихий океан и 1 Индийский океан, 1 Intersputnik - Индийский океан region, и 1 Inmarsat - Pacific и Индийский океан regions) (2007) |
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Рождества Остров
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общая оценка: service provided by the Australian network
внутри страны: GSM mobile telephone service replaced older analog system in February 2005
международные: код страны - 61-8; satellite earth station - 1 (Intelsat provides telephone и telex service) (2005) |
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Кокосовые Острова
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общая оценка: connected within Австралия's telecommunication system; a local mobile-cellular network is in operation
внутри страны: нет
международные: код страны - 61; telephone, telex, и facsimile communications with Австралия и elsewhere via satellite; satellite earth station - 1 (Intelsat) (2001) |
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Колумбия
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общая оценка: modern system in many respects; телекоммуникации sector liberalized during the 1990s; multiple providers of both fixed-line и mobile-cellular services; fixed-line connections stand at about 18 per 100 persons; mobile cellular usage is about 70 per 100 persons
внутри страны: nationwide microwave radio relay system; domestic satellite system with 41 earth stations; fiber-optic network linking 50 cities
международные: код страны - 57; submarine cables provide links to the US, parts of the Caribbean, и Central и South America; satellite earth stations - 10 (6 Intelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 3 fully digitalized international switching centers) (2007) |
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Коморские Острова
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общая оценка: sparse system of microwave radio relay и HF radiotelephone communication stations; fixed-line connections only about 2 per 100 persons; mobile cellular usage about 2 per 100 persons
внутри страны: HF radiotelephone communications и microwave radio relay
международные: код страны - 269; HF radiotelephone communications to Мадагаскар и Reunion |
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Congo, Democratic Республика the
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общая оценка: inadequate; state-owned fixed-line operator has been unable to expand fixed-line connections и there are now fewer than 10,000 connections; given the backdrop of a wholly inadequate fixed-line infrastructure, the use of cellular services has surged и subscribership now exceeds 4 миллионов - roughly 7 per 100 persons
внутри страны: barely adequate wire и microwave radio relay service in и between urban areas; domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations
международные: код страны - 243; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) (2007) |
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Congo, Республика the
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общая оценка: services barely adequate for government use; key exchanges are in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, и Loubomo; intercity lines frequently out of order; fixed-line infrastructure inadequate providing less than 1 connection per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership has surged reaching 16 per 100 persons
внутри страны: primary network consists of microwave radio relay и coaxial cable
международные: код страны - 242; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Острова Кука
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общая оценка: Telecom Острова Кука offers international direct dialing, Интернет, email, fax, и Telex
внутри страны: individual islands are connected by a combination of satellite earth stations, microwave systems, и VHF и HF radiotelephone; within the islands, service is provided by small exchanges connected to subscribers by open-wire, cable, и fiber-optic cable
международные: код страны - 682; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Тихий океан) |
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Коста-Рика
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общая оценка: good domestic telephone service in terms of breadth of coverage; restricted cellular telephone service; state-run monopoly provider is struggling with the demand for new lines, resulting in long waiting times
внутри страны: point-to-point и point-to-multi-point microwave, fiber-optic, и coaxial cable link rural areas; Интернет service is available
международные: код страны - 506; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic телекоммуникации submarine cable и the MAYA-1 submarine cable that provide links to South и Central America, parts of the Caribbean, и the US; connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) (2007) |
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Кот-д’Ивуар
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общая оценка: well developed by African standards; телекоммуникации sector privatized in late 1990s; mobile cellular usage has increased to 23 per 100 persons; fixed-line connections stand at about 2 per 100 persons
внутри страны: open-wire lines и microwave radio relay; 90% digitalized
международные: код страны - 225; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe и Азия; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Атлантический океан и 1 Индийский океан) (2007) |
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Хорватия
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общая оценка: the телекоммуникации network has improved steadily since the mid-1990s; the number of fixed telephone lines has increased to about 40 per 100 persons; virtually 100 mobile cellular telephones per 100 persons
внутри страны: more than 90 percent of local lines are digital
международные: код страны - 385; digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Хорватия participates in the Trans-Азия-Europe (TEL) fiber-optic project, which consists of 2 fiber-optic trunk connections with Словения и a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split и Dubrovnik; the ADRIA-1 submarine cable provides connectivity to Албания и Греция (2007) |
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Куба
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общая оценка: greater investment beginning in 1994 и the establishment of a new Ministry of Information Technology и Связь in 2000 has resulted in improvements in the system; wireless service is expensive и must be paid in convertible pesos which effectively limits mobile cellular subscribership
внутри страны: national fiber-optic system under development; 95% of switches digitized by end of 2006; fixed telephone line density remains low, at less than 10 per 100 inhabitants; domestic cellular service expanding but remains at only about 2 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 53; fiber-optic cable laid to but not linked to US network; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Атлантический океан region) |
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Кипр
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общая оценка: excellent in both area under government control и area administered by Turkish Cypriots
внутри страны: open-wire, fiber-optic cable, и microwave radio relay
международные: код страны - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the код страны Турции - 90); a number of submarine cables, including the SEA-ME-WE-3, combine to provide connectivity to Western Europe, the Middle East, и Азия; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 8 (3 Intelsat - 1 Атлантический океан и 2 Индийский океан, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, и 1 Arabsat) |
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Чешская республика
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общая оценка: privatization и modernization of the Czech telecommunication system got a late start but is advancing steadily; access to the fixed-line telephone network expanded throughout the 1990s; mobile telephone usage increased sharply beginning in the mid-1990s и there are now about 120 mobile telephones per 100 persons
внутри страны: 93% of exchanges now digital; existing медь subscriber systems enhanced with Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) equipment to accommodate Интернет и other digital signals; trunk systems include fiber-optic cable и microwave radio relay
международные: код страны - 420; satellite earth stations - 6 (2 Intersputnik - Atlantic и Индийский океан regions, 1 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 1 Globalstar) (2007) |
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Дания
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общая оценка: excellent telephone и telegraph services
внутри страны: buried и submarine cables и microwave radio relay form trunk network, 4 cellular mobile communications systems
международные: код страны - 45; a series of fiber-optic submarine cables link Дания with Канада, Фарерские Острова, Германия, Исландия, Нидерланды, Норвегия, Польша, Россия, Швеция, и Великобритания; satellite earth stations - 18 (6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat (Blaavand-Atlantic-East)); note - the Nordic countries (Дания, Финляндия, Исландия, Норвегия, и Швеция) share the Danish earth station и the Eik, Норвегия, station for worldwide Inmarsat access |
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Джибути
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общая оценка: telephone facilities in the city Джибути are adequate, as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country
внутри страны: microwave radio relay network; mobile cellular coverage is limited to the area in и around Джибути city
международные: код страны - 253; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical телекоммуникации submarine cable with links to Азия, the Middle East, и Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intelsat - Индийский океан и 1 Arabsat); Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network |
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Доминика
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: fully automatic network
международные: код страны - 1-767; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the Британские Виргинские острова to Trinidad; microwave radio relay и SHF radiotelephone links to Martinique и Guadeloupe; VHF и UHF radiotelephone links to Сент-Люсия |
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Доминиканская республика
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общая оценка: relatively efficient system based on island-wide microwave radio relay network
внутри страны: fixed telephone line density is about 10 per 100 persons; multiple providers of mobile cellular service with a subscribership of roughly 50 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 1-809; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic телекоммуникации submarine cable that provides links to South и Central America, parts of the Caribbean, и US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Эквадор
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общая оценка: generally elementary but being expanded
внутри страны: fixed-line services provided by three state-owned enterprises; plans to transfer the state-owned operators to private ownership have repeatedly failed; fixed-line density stands at about 13 per 100 persons; mobile cellular use has surged и has a subscribership of nearly 65 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 593; landing point for the PAN-AM submarine телекоммуникации cable that provides links to the запад coast of South America, Панама, Колумбия, Венесуэлa, и extending onward to Аруба и the US Виргинские Острова (Британские) in the Caribbean; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) (2007) |
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Египет
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общая оценка: large system; underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s и is reasonably modern; Telecom Египет, the landline monopoly, has been increasing service availability и in 2006 fixed-line density stood at 14 per 100 persons; as of 2007 there were three mobile-cellular networks и service is expanding rapidly
внутри страны: principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, и Tanta are connected by coaxial cable и microwave radio relay
международные: код страны - 20; landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 AND SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks; linked to the international submarine cable FLAG (Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe); satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - Атлантический океан и Индийский океан, 1 Arabsat, и 1 Inmarsat); tropospheric scatter to Судан; microwave radio relay to Израиль; a participant in Medarabtel |
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Сальвадор
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общая оценка: the four mobile-cellular service providers are expanding services rapidly и in 2006 mobile-cellular density stood at roughly 55 per 100 persons; growth in fixed-line services has slowed in the face of mobile-cellular competition
внутри страны: nationwide microwave radio relay system
международные: код страны - 503; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан); connected to Central American Microwave System |
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Экваториальная Гвинея
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общая оценка: digital fixed-line network in most major urban areas и good mobile coverage
внутри страны: fixed-line density is about 2 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership has been increasing и in 2005 stood at about 20 percent of the population
международные: код страны - 240; international communications from Bata и Malabo to African и European countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Индийский океан) |
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Эритрея
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общая оценка: inadequate
внутри страны: inadequate; most telephones are in Asmara; government is seeking international tenders to improve the system (2002)
международные: код страны - 291; note - international connections exist |
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Эстония
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общая оценка: foreign investment in the form of joint business ventures greatly improved telephone service; substantial fiber-optic cable systems carry telephone, TV, и radio traffic in the digital mode; Интернет services are widely available; schools и libraries are connected to the Интернет, a large percentage of the population files income-tax returns online, и online voting was used for the first time in the 2005 local elections
внутри страны: a wide range of high quality voice, data, и Интернет services is available throughout the country
международные: код страны - 372; fiber-optic cables to Финляндия, Швеция, Латвия, и Россия provide worldwide packet-switched service; 2 international switches are located in Tallinn (2001) |
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Эфиопия
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общая оценка: inadequate telephone system; the number of fixed lines и mobile telephones is increasing from a very small base; combined fixed и mobile-cellular teledensity is only about 2 per 100 persons
внутри страны: open-wire; microwave radio relay; radio communication in the HF, VHF, и UHF frequencies; 2 domestic satellites provide the national trunk service
международные: код страны - 251; open-wire to Судан и Джибути; microwave radio relay to Кения и Джибути; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Атлантический океан и 2 Тихий океан) |
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Европейское сообщество
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note - see individual country entries of member states |
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Фолклендские ( Мальвинские) осторова
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: government-operated radiotelephone и private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide принята service to almost all points on both islands
международные: код страны - 500; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) with links through London to other countries |
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Фарерские Острова
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общая оценка: good international communications; good domestic facilities
внутри страны: digitalization was completed in 1998; both NMT (analog) и GSM (digital) mobile telephone systems are installed
международные: код страны - 298; satellite earth stations - 1 Orion; 1 fiber-optic submarine cable to the Shetland Islands, linking the Фарерские Острова with Дания и Исландия; fiber-optic submarine cable connection to Канада-Europe cable |
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Фиджи
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общая оценка: modern local, interisland, и international (wire/radio integrated) public и special-purpose telephone, telegraph, и teleprinter facilities; regional radio communications center
внутри страны: telephone или radio telephone links to almost all inhabited islands; most towns и large villages have automatic telephone exchanges и direct dialing; combined fixed и mobile-cellular density is about 35 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 679; access to important cable links between US и Канада as well as between NZ и Австралия; satellite earth stations - 2 Inmarsat (Тихий океан) |
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Финляндия
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общая оценка: modern system with excellent service
внутри страны: digital fiber-optic fixed-line network и an extensive cellular network provide domestic needs
международные: код страны - 358; submarine cables provide links to Эстония и Швеция; satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic и Индийский океан regions); note - Финляндия shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Дания, Исландия, Норвегия, и Швеция) |
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Франция
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общая оценка: highly developed
внутри страны: extensive cable и microwave radio relay; extensive introduction of fiber-optic cable; domestic satellite system
международные: код страны - 33; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Europe, Азия, Австралия, the Middle East, и US; satellite earth stations - more than 3 (2 Intelsat (with total of 5 antennas - 2 for Индийский океан и 3 for Атлантический океан), нет Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat - Атлантический океан region); HF radiotelephone communications with more than 20 countries
overseas departments: country codes: French Guiana - 594; Guadeloupe - 590; Martinique - 596; Reunion - 262 |
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Французская Полинезия
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: нет
международные: код страны - 689; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Тихий океан) |
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Габон
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общая оценка: adequate service by African standards и improving with the help of a growing mobile cell network system with three providers; mobile-cellular subscribership exceeded 50 per 100 persons in 2006
внутри страны: adequate system of cable, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, radiotelephone communication stations, и a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations
международные: код страны - 241; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe и Азия; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Гамбия
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общая оценка: adequate; a packet switched data network is available; two mobile-cellular service providers
внутри страны: adequate network of microwave radio relay и open-wire; combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular teledensity approaching 30 telephones per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 220; microwave radio relay links to Сенегал и Гвинея-Бисау; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) (1997) |
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Сектор Газa
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: Israeli company BEZEK и the Palestinian company PALTEL are responsible for fixed line services; the Palestinian JAWAL company provides cellular services
международные: код страны - 970 (2004) |
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Грузия
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общая оценка: fixed-line телекоммуникации network has only limited coverage outside Tbilisi; multiple mobile-cellular providers provide services to an increasing subscribership throughout the country
внутри страны: cellular telephone networks now cover the entire country; urban telephone density is about 20 per 100 people; rural telephone density is about 4 per 100 people; intercity facilities include a fiber-optic line between T'bilisi и K'ut'aisi; nationwide pager service is available
международные: код страны - 995; the Грузия-Россия fiber optic submarine cable provides connectivity to Россия; international service is available by microwave, landline, и satellite through the Moscow switch; international electronic mail и telex service are available |
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Германия
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общая оценка: Германия has один of the world's most technologically advanced телекоммуникации systems; as a result of intensive capital expenditures since reunification, the formerly backward system of the eastern part of the country, dating back to Мир War II, has been modernized и integrated with that of the western part
внутри страны: Германия is served by an extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, и a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly, и включая roaming service to many foreign countries
международные: код страны - 49; Германия's international service is excellent worldwide, consisting of extensive land и undersea cable facilities as well as earth stations in the Inmarsat, Intelsat, Eutelsat, и Intersputnik satellite systems (2001) |
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Гана
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общая оценка: fixed-line infrastructure outdated и unreliable; competition among multiple mobile-cellular providers has spurred growth with subscribership about 25 per 100 persons и rising
внутри страны: primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed
международные: код страны - 233; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe и Азия; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Атлантический океан); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Гана to its neighbors |
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Гибралтар: заморская территория Великобритании
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общая оценка: adequate, automatic domestic system и adequate international facilities
внутри страны: automatic exchange facilities
международные: код страны - 350; radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Греция
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общая оценка: adequate, modern networks reach all areas; good mobile telephone и international service
внутри страны: microwave radio relay trunk system; extensive open-wire connections; submarine cable to offshore islands
международные: код страны - 30; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical телекоммуникации submarine cable that provides links to Europe, Middle East, и Азия; a number of smaller submarine cables provide connectivity to various parts of Europe, the Middle East, и Кипр; tropospheric scatter; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - 1 Атлантический океан и 1 Индийский океан, 1 Eutelsat, и 1 Inmarsat - Индийский океан region) |
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Гренландия
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общая оценка: adequate domestic и international service provided by satellite, cables и microwave radio relay; totally digitalized in 1995
внутри страны: microwave radio relay и satellite
международные: код страны - 299; satellite earth stations - 15 (12 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 2 Americom GE-2 (all Атлантический океан)) (2000) |
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Гренада
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общая оценка: automatic, islandwide telephone system
внутри страны: interisland VHF и UHF radiotelephone links
международные: код страны - 1-473; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the Британские Виргинские острова to Trinidad; SHF radiotelephone links to Тринидад и Тобаго и Saint Vincent; VHF и UHF radio links to Trinidad |
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Гуам
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общая оценка: modern system, integrated with US facilities for direct dialing, including free use of 800 numbers
внутри страны: modern digital system, including cellular mobile service и local access to the Интернет
международные: код страны - 1-671; major landing point for submarine cables between Азия и the US (Гуам is a trans-Pacific communications hub for major carriers linking the US и Азия); satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Тихий океан) |
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Гватемала
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общая оценка: fairly modern network centered in the city Гватемалы
внутри страны: state-owned телекоммуникации company privatized in the late 1990s opening the way for competition; fixed-line teledensity 11 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity approaching 60 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 502; landing point for both the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) и the SAM-1 fiber optic submarine cable system that together provide connectivity to South и Central America, parts of the Caribbean, и the US; connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Гернси: коронная земля Великобритании
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: нет
международные: 1 submarine cable |
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Гвинея
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общая оценка: inadequate system of open-wire lines, small radiotelephone communication stations, и new microwave radio relay system
внутри страны: Conakry reasonably well served; coverage elsewhere remains inadequate и large companies tend to rely on their own systems for nationwide links; combined fixed и mobile-cellular teledensity is about 2 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 224; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Гвинея-Бисау
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общая оценка: small system
внутри страны: combination of microwave radio relay, open-wire lines, radiotelephone, и cellular communications; fixed-line teledensity less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity reached 7 per 100 in 2005
международные: код страны - 245 |
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Гвиана
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общая оценка: fair system for long-distance service
внутри страны: microwave radio relay network for trunk lines; fixed-line teledensity is about 15 per 100 persons; many areas still lack fixed-line telephone services; mobile-cellular teledensity reached 37 per 100 persons in 2005
международные: код страны - 592; tropospheric scatter to Trinidad; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Гаити
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общая оценка: domestic facilities barely adequate; international facilities slightly better; telephone density in Гаити remains the lowest in the Latin American и Caribbean region
внутри страны: coaxial cable и microwave radio relay trunk service; combined fixed и mobile-cellular teledensity is about 8 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 509; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Ватикан
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общая оценка: automatic digital exchange
внутри страны: connected via fiber optic cable to Telecom Italia network
международные: код страны - 39; uses Italian system |
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Гондурас
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общая оценка: inadequate system
внутри страны: beginning in 2003, private sub-operators allowed to provide fixed-lines in order to expand telephone coverage; fixed-line teledensity has increased to about 10 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone service has been increasing rapidly и subscribership in 2006 exceeded 30 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 504; landing point for both the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) и the MAYA-1 fiber optic submarine cable system that together provide connectivity to South и Central America, parts of the Caribbean, и the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Атлантический океан); connected to Central American Microwave System |
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Гонконг
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общая оценка: modern facilities provide excellent domestic и international services
внутри страны: microwave radio relay links и extensive fiber-optic network
международные: код страны - 852; multiple international submarine cables provide connections to Азия, US, Австралия, the Middle East, и Western Europe; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Тихий океан и 2 Индийский океан); coaxial cable to Guangzhou, Китай |
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Венгрия
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общая оценка: the telephone system has been modernized и is capable of satisfying all requests for telecommunication service
внутри страны: the system is digitalized и highly automated; trunk services are carried by fiber-optic cable и digital microwave radio relay; a program for fiber-optic subscriber connections was initiated in 1996; competition among mobile-cellular service providers has led to a sharp increase in the use of mobile cellular phones since 2000 и a decrease in the number of fixed-line connections
международные: код страны - 36; Венгрия has fiber-optic cable connections with all neighboring countries; the international switch is in Budapest; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Атлантический океан и Индийский океан regions), 1 Inmarsat, 1 very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system of ground terminals |
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Исландия
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общая оценка: телекоммуникации infrastructure is modern и fully digitized, with satellite-earth stations, fiber-optic cables, и an extensive broadband network
внутри страны: liberalization of the телекоммуникации sector beginning in the late 1990s has led to increased competition especially in the mobile services segment of the market
международные: код страны - 354; the CANTAT-3 и FARICE-1 submarine cable systems provide connectivity to Канада, the Фарерские Острова, Великобритания, Дания, и Германия; a planned new section of the Hibernia-Atlantic submarine cable will provide additional connectivity to Канада, US, и Ирландия; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Атлантический океан), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic и Индийский океан regions); note - Исландия shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Дания, Финляндия, Норвегия, и Швеция) |
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Индия
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общая оценка: recent deregulation и liberalization of телекоммуникации laws и policies have prompted rapid growth; local и long distance service provided throughout all regions of the country, with services primarily concentrated in the urban areas; steady improvement is taking place with the recent admission of private и private-public investors, but combined fixed и mobile telephone density remains low at about 20 for each 100 persons nationwide и much lower for persons in rural areas; fastest growth is in cellular service with modest growth in fixed lines
внутри страны: mobile cellular service introduced in 1994 и organized nationwide into four metropolitan areas и 19 telecom circles each with about three private service providers и один state-owned service provider; in recent лет significant trunk capacity added in the form of fiber-optic cable и один of the world's largest domestic satellite systems, the Indian National Satellite system (INSAT), with 6 satellites supporting 33,000 very small aperture terminals (VSAT)
международные: код страны - 91; a number of major international submarine cable systems, including Sea-Me-We-3 with landing sites at Cochin и Mumbai (Bombay), Sea-Me-We-4 with a landing site at Chennai, Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) with a landing site at Mumbai (Bombay), Южно-Африканская Республика - Far East (SAFE) with a landing site at Cochin, the i2i cable network linking to Сингапур with landing sites at Mumbai (Bombay) и Chennai (Madras), и Tata Indicom linking Сингапур и Chennai (Madras), provide a significant increase in the bandwidth available for both voice и data traffic; satellite earth stations - 8 Intelsat (Индийский океан) и 1 Inmarsat (Индийский океан region); 9 gateway exchanges operating from Mumbai (Bombay), New Delhi, Kolkata (Calcutta), Chennai (Madras), Jalandhar, Kanpur, Gandhinagar, Hyderabad, и Ernakulam |
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Индонeзия
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общая оценка: domestic service fair, international service good
внутри страны: interisland microwave system и HF radio police net; domestic satellite communications system; coverage provided by existing network has been expanded by use of over 200,000 telephone kiosks many located in remote areas
международные: код страны - 62; landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 AND SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks that provide links throughout Азия, the Middle East, и Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Индийский океан и 1 Тихий океан) |
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Иран
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общая оценка: currently being modernized и expanded with the goal of not only improving the efficiency и increasing the volume of the urban service but also bringing telephone service to several thousand villages, not presently connected
внутри страны: the addition of new fiber cables и modern switching и exchange systems installed by Иран's state-owned telecom company have improved и expanded the main line network greatly; main line availability has more than doubled to 22 миллионов lines since 2000; additionally, mobile service has increased dramatically serving nearly 13.7 миллионов subscribers in 2006
международные: код страны - 98; submarine fiber-optic cable to UAE with access to Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); Trans-Азия-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line runs from Азербайджан through the northern portion Ирана to Туркменистан with expansion to Грузия и Азербайджан; HF radio и microwave radio relay to Турция, Азербайджан, Пакистан, Афганистан, Туркменистан, Сирия, Кювейт, Таджикистан, и Узбекистан; satellite earth stations - 13 (9 Intelsat и 4 Inmarsat) (2006) |
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Ирак
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общая оценка: the 2003 liberation Ирака severely disrupted телекоммуникации throughout Ирак including international connections; widespread government efforts to rebuild domestic и international communications through fiber optic links are in progress; the mobile cellular market has expanded rapidly with an estimated 10.9 миллионов current users
внутри страны: repairs to switches и lines destroyed during 2003 continue; additional switching capacity is improving access; cellular service is available и centered on 3 GSM networks which are being expanded beyond their regional roots, improving country-wide connectivity; wireless local loop licences have been issued with the hope of overcoming the lack of fixed-line infrastructure
международные: код страны - 964; satellite earth stations - 4 (2 Intelsat - 1 Атлантический океан и 1 Индийский океан, 1 Intersputnik - Атлантический океан region, и 1 Arabsat (inoperative)); local microwave radio relay connects border regions to Иордания, Кювейт, Сирия, и Турция; planned international fiber-optic connections to Иран (terrestrial) with a link to the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) submarine fiber-optic cable (2007) |
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Ирландия
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общая оценка: modern digital system using cable и microwave radio relay
внутри страны: microwave radio relay
международные: код страны - 353; landing point for the Hibernia-Atlantic submarine cable with links to the US, Канада, и Великобритания; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Остров Мэн
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: landline, telefax, mobile cellular telephone system
международные: fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, satellite earth station, submarine cable |
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Израиль
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общая оценка: most highly developed system in the Middle East although not the largest
внутри страны: good system of coaxial cable и microwave radio relay; all systems are digital; four privately-owned mobile-cellular service providers with countrywide coverage; mobile-cellular teledensity is more than 130 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 972; submarine cables provide links to Europe, Кипр, и parts of the Middle East; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Атлантический океан и 1 Индийский океан) |
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Италия
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общая оценка: modern, well developed, fast; fully automated telephone, telex, и data services
внутри страны: high-capacity cable и microwave radio relay trunks
международные: код страны - 39; a series of submarine cables provide links to Азия, Middle East, Europe, Северный Africa, и US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (with a total of 5 antennas - 3 for Атлантический океан и 2 for Индийский океан), 1 Inmarsat (Атлантический океан region), и нет Eutelsat |
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Ямайка
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общая оценка: fully automatic domestic telephone network
внутри страны: the 1999 agreement to open the market for телекоммуникации services resulted in rapid growth in mobile-cellular telephone usage; mobile-cellular teledensity now exceeds 100 per 100 persons; the number of fixed-lines in use has been declining
международные: код страны - 1-876; the Fibralink submarine cable network provides enhanced delivery of business и broadband traffic и is linked to the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) submarine cable in the Доминиканская республика; the link to ARCOS-1 provides seamless connectivity to US, parts of the Caribbean, Central America, и South America; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Япония
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общая оценка: excellent domestic и international service
внутри страны: high level of modern technology и excellent service of every kind
международные: код страны - 81; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Азия, Австралия, the Middle East, Europe, и US; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Тихий океан и 1 Индийский океан), 1 Intersputnik (Индийский океан region), и 1 Inmarsat (Pacific и Индийский океан regions |
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Джерси: коронная земля Великобритании
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: нет
международные: submarine cable connectivity to Гернси: коронная земля Великобритании и Великобритания |
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Иордания
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общая оценка: service has improved recently with increased use of digital switching equipment; microwave radio relay transmission и coaxial и fiber-optic cable are employed on trunk lines; growing mobile-cellular usage in both urban и rural areas is reducing use of fixed-line services; Интернет penetration remains modest и slow-growing
внутри страны: 1995 телекоммуникации law opened all non-fixed-line services to private competition; in 2005, monopoly over fixed-line services terminated и the entire телекоммуникации sector was opened to competition; mobile-cellular usage is increasing rapidly и teledensity is approaching 75 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 962; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) submarine cable network that provides links to Азия, Middle East, Europe; satellite earth stations - 33 (3 Intelsat, 1 Arabsat, и 29 land и maritime Inmarsat terminals); fiber-optic cable to Саудовская Аравия и microwave radio relay link with Египет и Сирия; participant in Medarabtel |
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Казахстан
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общая оценка: inherited an outdated телекоммуникации network from the Soviet era requiring modernization
внутри страны: intercity by landline и microwave radio relay; number of fixed-line connections is gradually increasing и fixed-line teledensity is about 20 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is increasing rapidly и subscriptions now exceed 50 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics и Китай carried by landline и microwave radio relay и with other countries by satellite и by the Trans-Азия-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat |
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Кения
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общая оценка: inadequate; fixed-line telephone system is small и inefficient; trunks are primarily microwave radio relay; business data commonly transferred by a very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system
внутри страны: no recent growth in fixed-line infrastructure и the sole provider, Telkom Кения, is slated for privatization; multiple providers in the mobile-cellular segment of the market fostering a boom in mobile-cellular telephone usage
международные: код страны - 254; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat |
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Кирибати
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общая оценка: generally good quality national и international service
внутри страны: wire line service available on Tarawa и Kiritimati (Рождества Остров); connections to outer islands by HF/VHF radiotelephone; wireless service available in Tarawa since 1999
международные: код страны - 686; Кирибати is being linked to the Тихий океан Cooperative Telecommunications Network, which should improve telephone service; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Тихий океан) |
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Северная Корея
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: нет
международные: код страны - 850; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intelsat - Индийский океан, 1 Russian - Индийский океан region); other international connections through Moscow и Beijing |
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Южная Корея
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общая оценка: excellent domestic и international services
внутри страны: нет
международные: код страны - 82; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Азия, Австралия, the Middle East, Europe, и US; satellite earth stations - 6 (3 Intelsat - 1 Тихий океан и 2 Индийский океан, 3 Inmarsat - 1 Тихий океан и 2 Индийский океан) |
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Кювейт
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общая оценка: the quality of service is excellent
внутри страны: new telephone exchanges provide a large capacity for new subscribers; trunk traffic is carried by microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, и open-wire и fiber-optic cable; a cellular telephone system operates throughout Кювейт, и the country is well supplied with pay telephones
международные: код страны - 965; linked to international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); linked to Бахрейн, Катар, UAE via the Fiber-Optic Gulf (FOG) cable; coaxial cable и microwave radio relay to Саудовская Аравия; satellite earth stations - 6 (3 Intelsat - 1 Атлантический океан и 2 Индийский океан, 1 Inmarsat - Атлантический океан, и 2 Arabsat) |
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Киргизия
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общая оценка: телекоммуникации infrastructure is growing; fixed line penetration remains low и concentrated in urban areas
внутри страны: 4 mobile cellular service providers with growing coverage
международные: код страны - 996; connections with other CIS countries by landline или microwave radio relay и with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch и by satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intersputnik, 1 Intelsat); connected internationally by the Trans-Азия-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line (2006) |
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Лаоc
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общая оценка: service to general public is poor but improving; the government relies on a radiotelephone network to communicate with remote areas
внутри страны: multiple service providers; combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular subscribership about 10 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 856; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Индийский океан region) |
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Латвия
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общая оценка: recent efforts focused on bringing competition to the телекоммуникации sector; the number of fixed lines is decreasing as wireless telephony expands
внутри страны: number of телекоммуникации operators has grown rapidly since the fixed-line market opened to competition in 2003; combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular subscribership is roughly 125 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 371; the Latvian network is now connected via fiber optic cable to Эстония, Финляндия, и Швеция |
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Ливан
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общая оценка: repair of the телекоммуникации system, severely damaged during the civil war, now complete
внутри страны: two wireless networks provide good service; political instability hampers privatization и deployment of new technologies; combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular subscribership approaching 50 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 961; submarine cable link to Кипр; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Индийский океан и 1 Атлантический океан); coaxial cable to Сирия |
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Лесото
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общая оценка: rudimentary system consisting of a modest but growing number of landlines, a small microwave radio relay system, и a small radiotelephone communication system; mobile-cellular telephone system is expanding
внутри страны: privatized in 2001, Telecom Лесото tasked with providing an additional 50,000 fixed-line connections within five лет, a target not met; mobile-cellular service is expanding with a subscribership approaching 15 per 100 persons; rural services are scant
международные: код страны - 266; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Либерия
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общая оценка: the limited services available are found almost exclusively in the capital Monrovia; coverage extended to a number of other towns и rural areas by four mobile-cellular network operators
внутри страны: combined fixed и mobile-cellular teledensity only about 5 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 231; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Либия
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общая оценка: телекоммуникации system is being modernized; mobile cellular telephone system became operational in 1996; combined fixed line и mobile telephone density reached 75 telephones per 100 persons in 2006
внутри страны: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, cellular, tropospheric scatter, и a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations
международные: код страны - 218; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, нет Arabsat, и нет Intersputnik; submarine cables to Франция и Италия; microwave radio relay to Тунис и Египет; tropospheric scatter to Греция; participant in Medarabtel (1999) |
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Лихтенштейн
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общая оценка: automatic telephone system
внутри страны: нет
международные: код страны - 423; linked to Swiss networks by cable и microwave radio relay |
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Литва
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общая оценка: adequate; being modernized to provide improved international capability и better residential access
внутри страны: rapid expansion of mobile-cellular services has resulted in a steady decline in the number of main line subscriptions; mobile-cellular teledensity has increased to about 135 per 100 persons while fixed-line teledensity has dropped to 22 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 370; major international connections to Дания, Швеция, и Норвегия by submarine cable for further transmission by satellite; landline connections to Латвия и Польша |
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Люксембург
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общая оценка: highly developed, completely automated и efficient system, mainly buried cables
внутри страны: nationwide cellular telephone system; market for mobile-cellular phones is virtually saturated with roughly 150 cellular phones per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 352 |
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Macau
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общая оценка: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic и international services
внутри страны: termination of monopoly over mobile-cellular telephone services in 2001 spurred sharp increase in subscriptions with mobile-cellular teledensity approaching 140 per 100 persons in 2006; fixed-line teledensity about 40 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 853; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable network that provides links to Азия, the Middle East, и Europe; HF radiotelephone communication facility; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Индийский океан) |
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Македония
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общая оценка: competition from the mobile-cellular segment of the телекоммуникации market has led to a drop in fixed-line telephone subscriptions
внутри страны: combined fixed line и mobile telephone density exceeds 90 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 389 |
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Мадагаскар
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общая оценка: system is above average for the region; Antananarivo's main telephone exchange modernized, but the rest of the analogue-based telephone system is poorly developed; planning to add 50,000 new private-subscriber fixed lines beginning in 2005
внутри страны: combined fixed-line и mobile telephone density only about 7 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 261; submarine cable to Бахрейн; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intelsat - Индийский океан, 1 Intersputnik - Атлантический океан region) |
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Малави
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общая оценка: rudimentary
внутри страны: fixed-line subscribership remains less than 1 per 100 persons; privatization Малави Telecommunications (MTL), a necessary step in bringing improvement to телекоммуникации services, completed in 2006; mobile-cellular services are expanding but cellular network coverage is limited и is based around the main urban areas
международные: код страны - 265; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Индийский океан, 1 Атлантический океан) |
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Малазия
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общая оценка: modern system; international service excellent
внутри страны: good intercity service provided on Peninsular Малазия mainly by microwave radio relay; adequate intercity microwave radio relay network between Sabah и Sarawak via Бруней; domestic satellite system with 2 earth stations; combined fixed-line и mobile cellular teledensity approaching 100 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 60; landing point for several major international submarine cable networks that provide connectivity to Азия, Middle East, и Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Индийский океан, 1 Тихий океан) (2001) |
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Мальдивы
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общая оценка: telephone services have improved; each island now has at least 1 public telephone, и there are mobile cellular networks with rapidly expanding subscribership
внутри страны: interatoll communication through microwave links; all inhabited islands и resorts are connected with telephone и fax service
международные: код страны - 960; linked to international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); satellite earth station - 3 Intelsat (Индийский океан) |
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Мали
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общая оценка: domestic system unreliable but improving; provides only minimal service
внутри страны: fixed-line availability is gradually increasing, but subscribership remains less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership has increased sharply to 13 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 223; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Атлантический океан, 1 Индийский океан) |
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Мальта
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общая оценка: automatic system satisfies normal requirements; fixed-line teledensity 50 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 90 per 100 persons
внутри страны: submarine cable и microwave radio relay between islands
международные: код страны - 356; submarine cable connects to Италия; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Маршалловы Острова
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общая оценка: digital switching equipment; modern services include telex, cellular, Интернет, international calling, caller ID, и leased data circuits
внутри страны: Majuro Atoll и Ebeye и Kwajalein islands have regular, seven-digit, direct-dial telephones; other islands interconnected by high frequency radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes) и mini-satellite telephones
международные: код страны - 692; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Тихий океан); US Правление satellite communications system on Kwajalein (2001) |
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Мавритания
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общая оценка: limited system of cable и open-wire lines, minor microwave radio relay links, и radiotelephone communications stations; mobile-cellular services expanding rapidly
внутри страны: Mauritel, the national телекоммуникации company, was privatized in 2001 but remains the monopoly provider of fixed-line services; fixed-line teledensity 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular network coverage extends mainly to urban areas with a teledensity approaching 35 per 100 persons; mostly cable и open-wire lines; a domestic satellite телекоммуникации system links Nouakchott with regional capitals
международные: код страны - 222; satellite earth stations - 3 (1 Intelsat - Атлантический океан, 2 Arabsat) |
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Маврикий
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общая оценка: small system with good service
внутри страны: monopoly over fixed-line services terminated in 2005; fixed-line teledensity roughly 30 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services launched in 1989 with teledensity in 2006 exceeding 60 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 230; landing point for the SAFE submarine cable that provides links to Азия и Южно-Африканская Республика where it connects to the SAT-3/WASC submarine cable that provides further links to parts of East Africa, и Europe; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Индийский океан); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries |
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Майотта: заморская территория Франции
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общая оценка: small system administered by French Department of Posts и Telecommunications
внутри страны: нет
международные: код страны - 262; microwave radio relay и HF radiotelephone communications to Коморские Острова |
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Мексика
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общая оценка: adequate telephone service for business и government, but the population is poorly served; mobile subscribers far outnumber fixed-line subscribers; domestic satellite system with 120 earth stations; extensive microwave radio relay network; considerable use of fiber-optic cable и coaxial cable
внутри страны: low telephone density with about 18 fixed lines per 100 persons; privatized in December 1990; despite the opening to competition in January 1997, Telmex remains dominant; legal challenges to Telmex's alleged anti-competitive behavior in the mobile и fixed-line markets culminated in a Мир Trade Organization ruling in 2004 against Мексика prompting some strengthening of the powers granted Мексика's telecom regulator
международные: код страны - 52; Columbus-2 fiber-optic submarine cable with access to the US, Виргинские Острова (Британские) , Canary Islands, Испания, и Италия; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) и the MAYA-1 submarine cable system together provide access to Central America, parts of South America и the Caribbean, и the US; satellite earth stations - 120 (32 Intelsat, 2 Solidaridad (giving Мексика improved access to South America, Central America, и much of the US as well as enhancing domestic communications), 1 Panamsat, numerous Inmarsat mobile earth stations); linked to Central American Microwave System of trunk connections (2005) |
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Микронезия
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общая оценка: adequate system
внутри страны: islands interconnected by коротковолновый диапазон radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes), satellite (Intelsat) ground stations, и some coaxial и fiber-optic cable; cellular service available on Kosrae, Pohnpei, и Yap
международные: код страны - 691; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (Тихий океан) (2002) |
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Молдавия
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общая оценка: inadequate, outmoded, poor service outside Chisinau; some modernization is under way
внутри страны: depending on location, new subscribers may face long wait for service; multiple private operators of GSM mobile-cellular telephone service are operating; GPRS system is being introduced; a CDMA mobile telephone network began operations in 2007
международные: код страны - 373; service through Румыния и Россия via landline; satellite earth stations - at least 3 (Intelsat, Eutelsat, и Intersputnik) (2006) |
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Монако
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общая оценка: modern automatic telephone system
внутри страны: нет
международные: код страны - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system |
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Монголия
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общая оценка: network is improving with international direct dialing available in many areas
внутри страны: very low fixed-line density; there are multiple mobile cellular service providers и subscribership is increasing rapidly; a fiber-optic network is also being installed that will improve broadband и communication services between major urban centers
международные: код страны - 976; satellite earth stations - 7 |
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Монтенегро
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общая оценка: modern телекоммуникации system with access to European satellites
внутри страны: GSM wireless service, available through 2 providers with national coverage, is growing rapidly
международные: код страны - 382; 2 international switches connect the national system |
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Монтсеррат: заморская территория Великобритании
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общая оценка: modern и fully digitalized
внутри страны: нет
международные: код страны - 1-664; landing point for the East Caribbean Fiber System (ECFS) optic submarine cable with links to 13 other islands in the eastern Caribbean extending from the Британские Виргинские острова to Trinidad |
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Мороккo
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общая оценка: modern system with all important capabilities; however, density is low with only 4 fixed lines available for each 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership is approaching 50 per 100 persons
внутри страны: good system composed of open-wire lines, cables, и microwave radio relay links; Интернет available but expensive; principal switching centers are Casablanca и Rabat; national network nearly 100% digital using fiber-optic links; improved rural service employs microwave radio relay
международные: код страны - 212; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical телекоммуникации submarine cable that provides connectivity to Азия, the Middle East, и Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) и 1 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Гибралтар: заморская территория Великобритании, Испания, и Западная Сахара; coaxial cable и microwave radio relay to Алжир; participant in Medarabtel; fiber-optic cable link from Agadir to Алжир и Тунис |
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Мозамбик
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общая оценка: fair system with an extremely low density of less than 1 fixed line per 100 persons
внутри страны: the телекоммуникации sector is shackled with a heavy state presence, lack of competition, и high operating costs и charges; stagnation in the fixed-line network contrasts with rapid growth in the mobile-cellular network; mobile-cellular coverage now включая all the main cities и key roads, including those from Maputo to the South African и Свазиленд borders, the national highway through Gaza и Inhambane provinces, the Beira corridor, и from Nampula to Nacala
международные: код страны - 258; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Атлантический океан и 3 Индийский океан) |
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Намибия
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общая оценка: good system with a combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular teledensity of about 30 per 100 persons
внутри страны: core fiber-optic network links most centers и connections are now digital; Намибия's first mobile-cellular network, launched in 1994, provides coverage to 86 percent Намибии by area
международные: код страны - 264; fiber-optic cable to Южно-Африканская Республика, microwave radio relay link to Ботсвана, direct links to other neighboring countries; connected to the South African Far East (SAFE) submarine cable through Южно-Африканская Республика; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat |
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Науру
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общая оценка: adequate local и international radiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilities
внутри страны: нет
международные: код страны - 674; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Тихий океан) |
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Непал
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общая оценка: poor telephone и telegraph service; fair radiotelephone communication service и mobile-cellular telephone network
внутри страны: нет
международные: код страны - 977; radiotelephone communications; microwave landline to Индия; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Индийский океан) |
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Нидерланды
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общая оценка: highly developed и well maintained
внутри страны: extensive fixed-line fiber-optic network; cellular telephone system is один of the largest in Europe with 5 major network operators utilizing the third generation of the Global System for Mobile Связь (GSM)
международные: код страны - 31; submarine cables provide links to the US и Europe; satellite earth stations - 5 (3 Intelsat - 1 Индийский океан и 2 Атлантический океан, 1 Eutelsat, и 1 Inmarsat (2004) |
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Нидерландские Антильские о-ва
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общая оценка: generally adequate facilities
внутри страны: extensive interisland microwave radio relay links
международные: код страны - 599; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) и the Americas-2 submarine cable systems provide connectivity to Central America, parts of South America и the Caribbean, и the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Новая Каледония: заморская территория Франции
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: a submarine cable network connection between Новая Каледония: заморская территория Франции и Австралия, scheduled for completion in 2008, will improve high-speed connectivity и access to international networks
международные: код страны - 687; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Тихий океан) |
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Новая Зеландия
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общая оценка: excellent domestic и international systems
внутри страны: нет
международные: код страны - 64; the Southern Cross submarine cable system provides links to Австралия, Фиджи, и the US; satellite earth stations - 8 (1 Inmarsat - Тихий океан, 7 other) |
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Никарагуа
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общая оценка: system being upgraded by foreign investment; nearly all installed телекоммуникации capacity now uses digital technology, owing to investments since privatization of the formerly state-owned телекоммуникации company
внутри страны: since privatization, access to fixed-line и mobile-cellular services has improved but teledensity still lags behind other Central American countries; connected to Central American Microwave System
международные: код страны - 505; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber optic submarine cable provides connectivity to South и Central America, parts of the Caribbean, и the US; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik (Атлантический океан region) и 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Нигер
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общая оценка: inadequate; small system of wire, radio telephone communications, и microwave radio relay links concentrated in the southwestern area Нигера
внутри страны: combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular teledensity is less than 3 per 100 persons; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations и 1 planned
международные: код страны - 227; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Атлантический океан и 1 Индийский океан) |
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Нигерия
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общая оценка: further expansion и modernization of the fixed-line telephone network is needed
внутри страны: the addition of a second fixed-line provider in 2002 resulted in faster growth of this service with fixed-line subscribership nearly tripling over the past five лет; wireless telephony has grown rapidly, in part responding to the shortcomings of the fixed-line network; multiple service providers operate nationally; combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular teledensity reached 25 per 100 persons in 2006
международные: код страны - 234; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe и Азия; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Атлантический океан и 1 Индийский океан) |
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Ниуэ
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внутри страны: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island
международные: код страны - 683 (2001) |
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Норфолк
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общая оценка: adequate
внутри страны: free local calls
международные: код страны - 672; undersea coaxial cable links with Австралия и Новая Зеландия; satellite earth station - 1 |
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Северные Марианские острова
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: нет
международные: код страны - 1-670; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Тихий океан) |
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Норвегия
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общая оценка: modern in all respects; один of the most advanced телекоммуникации networks in Europe
внутри страны: Норвегия has a domestic satellite system; moreover, the prevalence of rural areas encourages the wide use of cellular-mobile systems instead of fixed-wire systems
международные: код страны - 47; 2 buried coaxial cable systems; submarine cables provide links to other Nordic countries и Europe; satellite earth stations - нет Eutelsat, нет Intelsat (Атлантический океан), и 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic и Индийский океан regions); note - Норвегия shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Дания, Финляндия, Исландия, и Швеция) (1999) |
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Оман
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общая оценка: modern system consisting of open-wire, microwave, и radiotelephone communication stations; limited coaxial cable
внутри страны: fixed-line и mobile-cellular subscribership both increasing; open-wire, microwave, radiotelephone communications, и a domestic satellite system with 8 earth stations
международные: код страны - 968; the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) и the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable provide connectivity to Азия, the Middle East, и Europe; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Индийский океан), 1 Arabsat |
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Пакистан
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общая оценка: the телекоммуникации infrastructure is improving dramatically with foreign и domestic investments into fixed-line и mobile networks; mobile-cellular subscribership has skyrocketed, reaching some 63 миллионов in mid-2007, up from only about 300,000 in 2000; fiber systems are being constructed throughout the country to aid in network growth; main line availability has risen only marginally over the same period и there are still difficulties getting main line service to rural areas
внутри страны: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, cellular, и satellite networks
международные: код страны - 92; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 и SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable systems that provide links to Азия, the Middle East, и Europe; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Атлантический океан и 2 Индийский океан); 3 operational international gateway exchanges (1 at Karachi и 2 at Islamabad); microwave radio relay to neighboring countries (2006) |
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Палау
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: нет
международные: код страны - 680; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Тихий океан) |
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Панама
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общая оценка: domestic и international facilities well developed
внутри страны: combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular teledensity is approaching 70 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 507; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1), the MAYA-1, и PAN-AM submarine cable systems that together provide links to the US, и parts of the Caribbean, Central America, и South America; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Атлантический океан); connected to the Central American Microwave System |
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Папуа — Новая Гвинея
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общая оценка: services are minimal; facilities provide radiotelephone и telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio, и international radio communication services
внутри страны: access to telephone services is not widely available; combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular teledensity is less than 3 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 675; submarine cables to Австралия и Гуам; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Тихий океан); international radio communication service |
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Парагвай
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общая оценка: meager telephone service; principal switching center is in Asuncion
внутри страны: the fixed-line market is a state monopoly; deficiencies in provision of fixed-line service have resulted in a rapid expansion of mobile-cellular services fostered by competition among multiple providers
международные: код страны - 595; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Перу
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общая оценка: adequate for most requirements
внутри страны: fixed-line teledensity is only about 8 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity, spurred by competition among multiple providers, has increased to about 30 telephones per 100 persons; nationwide microwave radio relay system и a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations
международные: код страны - 51; the South America-1 (SAM-1) и Pan American (PAN-AM) submarine cable systems provide links to parts of Central и South America, the Caribbean, и US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Филиппины
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общая оценка: good international radiotelephone и submarine cable services; domestic и interisland service adequate
внутри страны: domestic satellite system with 11 earth stations; cellular communications now dominate the industry; combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular telephone density exceeds 50 telephones per 100 persons with more than 10 mobile cellular subscribers for every fixed-line subscriber
международные: код страны - 63; a series of submarine cables together provide connectivity to Азия, US, the Middle East, и Europe; multiple international gateways (2006) |
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Питкэрн: заморская территория Великобритании
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общая оценка: satellite phone services
внутри страны: domestic communication via radio (CB)
международные: код страны - 872; satellite earth station - 1 (Inmarsat) |
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Польша
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общая оценка: modernization of the телекоммуникации network has accelerated with market based competition finalized in 2003; fixed-line service, dominated by the former state-owned company, is dwarfed by the growth in wireless telephony
внутри страны: mobile-cellular service available since 1993 и provided by three nation-wide networks with a fourth provider beginning operations in late 2006; cellular coverage is generally good with some gaps in the восток; fixed-line service is growing slowly и still lags in rural areas
международные: код страны - 48; international direct dialing with automated exchanges; satellite earth station - 1 with access to Intelsat, Eutelsat, Inmarsat, и Intersputnik |
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Португалия
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общая оценка: Португалия's telephone system has achieved a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities
внутри страны: integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, и domestic satellite earth stations
международные: код страны - 351; a combination of submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, Северный и East Africa, Южно-Африканская Республика, the Middle East, Азия, и the US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Атлантический океан и 1 Индийский океан), нет Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores (1998) |
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Пуэрто-Рико
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общая оценка: modern system integrated with that of the US by high-capacity submarine cable и Intelsat with high-speed data capability
внутри страны: digital telephone system; cellular telephone service
международные: код страны - 1-787, 939; submarine cables provide connectivity to the US, Caribbean, Central и South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat |
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Катар
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общая оценка: modern system centered in Doha
внутри страны: combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular telephone density is roughly 130 telephones per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 974; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) submarine cable network that provides links to Азия, Middle East, Europe, и the US; tropospheric scatter to Бахрейн; microwave radio relay to Саудовская Аравия и the UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Атлантический океан и 1 Индийский океан) и 1 Arabsat |
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Румыния
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общая оценка: rapidly improving domestic и international service, especially in wireless telephony
внутри страны: more than 90 percent of telephone network is automatic; liberalization in 2003 is transforming телекоммуникации; fixed-line teledensity is roughly 20 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is approaching 80 telephones per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 40; the Черное море Fiber Optic System provides connectivity to Болгария и Турция; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2005) |
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Россия
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общая оценка: the telephone system is experiencing significant changes; there are more than 1,000 companies licensed to offer communication services; access to digital lines has improved, particularly in urban centers; Интернет и e-mail services are improving; Россия has made progress toward building the телекоммуникации infrastructure necessary for a market economy; the estimated number of mobile subscribers jumped from fewer than 1 миллионов in 1998 to 150 миллионов in 2006; a large demand for main line service remains unsatisfied, but fixed-line operators continue to grow their services
внутри страны: cross-country digital trunk lines run from Saint Petersburg to Khabarovsk, и from Moscow to Novorossiysk; the telephone systems in 60 regional capitals have modern digital infrastructures; cellular services, both analog и digital, are available in many areas; in rural areas, the telephone services are still outdated, inadequate, и low density
международные: код страны - 7; Россия is connected internationally by undersea fiber optic cables; digital switches in several cities provide more than 50,000 lines for international calls; satellite earth stations provide access to Intelsat, Intersputnik, Eutelsat, Inmarsat, и Orbita systems |
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Руанда
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общая оценка: small, inadequate telephone system primarily serves business и government
внутри страны: the capital, Kigali, is connected to the centers of the provinces by microwave radio relay и, recently, by cellular telephone service; much of the network depends on wire и HF radiotelephone; combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular telephone density is only about 4 telephones per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 250; international connections employ microwave radio relay to neighboring countries и satellite communications to more distant countries; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Индийский океан) in Kigali (включая telex и telefax service) |
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Сен-Бартельми
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общая оценка: fully integrated access
внутри страны: direct dial capability with both fixed и wireless systems
международные: код страны - 590; undersea fiber-optic cable provides voice и data connectivity to Пуэрто-Рико и Guadeloupe |
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Святой Елены остров
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общая оценка: can communicate worldwide
внутри страны: automatic digital network
международные: код страны (Святой Елены остров) - 290, (Ascension Island) - 247; international direct dialing; satellite voice и data communications; satellite earth stations - 5 (Ascension Island - 4, Святой Елены остров - 1) |
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Сент-Китс и Невис
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общая оценка: good interisland и international connections
внутри страны: interisland links via Eastern Caribbean Fiber Optic cable; construction of enhanced wireless infrastructure launched in November 2004
международные: код страны - 1-869; connected internationally by the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) и Southern Caribbean fiber optic system (SCF) submarine cables |
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Сент-Люсия
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общая оценка: adequate system
внутри страны: system is automatically switched
международные: код страны - 1-758; the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) и Southern Caribbean fiber optic system (SCF) submarine cables, along with Intelsat from Martinique, carry calls internationally; direct microwave radio relay link with Martinique и Сент-Винсент и Гренадины; tropospheric scatter to Барбадос |
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Saint Martin
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общая оценка: fully integrated access
внутри страны: direct dial capability with both fixed и wireless systems
международные: код страны - 590; undersea fiber-optic cable provides voice и data connectivity to Пуэрто-Рико и Guadaloupe |
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Сен-Пьер и Микелон: заморская территория Франции
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общая оценка: adequate
внутри страны: нет
международные: код страны - 508; radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; satellite earth station - 1 in French domestic satellite system |
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Сент-Винсент и Гренадины
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общая оценка: adequate system
внутри страны: islandwide, fully automatic telephone system; VHF/UHF radiotelephone from Saint Vincent to the other islands of the Grenadines; mobile-cellular teledensity about 75 telephones per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 1-784; the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) и Southern Caribbean fiber optic system (SCF) submarine cables carry international calls; connectivity also provided by VHF/UHF radiotelephone from Saint Vincent to Барбадос; SHF radiotelephone to Гренада и Сент-Люсия; access to Intelsat earth station in Martinique through Сент-Люсия |
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Самоа
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общая оценка: adequate
внутри страны: нет
международные: код страны - 685; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Тихий океан) |
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Сан-Маринo
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общая оценка: adequate connections
внутри страны: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system; combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 130 telephones per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 378; connected to Italian international network |
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Сан-Томе и Принсипи
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общая оценка: adequate facilities
внутри страны: minimal system
международные: код страны - 239; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Саудовская Аравия
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общая оценка: modern system
внутри страны: extensive microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, и fiber-optic cable systems; mobile-cellular subscribership has been increasing rapidly
международные: код страны - 966; landing point for the international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) и for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 и SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks providing connectivity to Азия, Middle East, Europe, и US; microwave radio relay to Бахрейн, Иордания, Кювейт, Катар, UAE, Емен, и Судан; coaxial cable to Кювейт и Иордания; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (3 Атлантический океан и 2 Индийский океан), 1 Arabsat, и 1 Inmarsat (Индийский океан region) |
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Сенегал
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общая оценка: good system
внутри страны: above-average urban system; more than half of all fixed-line connections are in Dakar with expansion of fixed-line services in rural areas needed; mobile-cellular service is expanding rapidly; microwave radio relay, coaxial cable и fiber-optic cable in trunk system
международные: код страны - 221; the SAT-3/WASC fiber optic cable provides connectivity to Europe и Азия while Atlantis-2 provides connectivity to South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Сербия
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общая оценка: modernization of the телекоммуникации network has been slow as a result of damage stemming from the 1999 war и transition to a competitive market-based system; network was only 65% digitalized in 2005
внутри страны: teledensity remains below the average for neighboring states; GSM wireless service, available through multiple providers with national coverage, is growing very rapidly; best телекоммуникации service limited to urban centers
международные: код страны - 381 |
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Сейшельские Острова
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общая оценка: принята system
внутри страны: combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 110 telephones per 100 persons; radiotelephone communications between islands in the archipelago
международные: код страны - 248; direct radiotelephone communications with adjacent island countries и African coastal countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Индийский океан) |
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Сьерра-Леоне
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общая оценка: marginal telephone service
внутри страны: the national microwave radio relay trunk system connects Freetown to Bo и Kenema
международные: код страны - 232; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) (2000) |
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Сингапур
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общая оценка: excellent service
внутри страны: excellent domestic facilities; launched 3G wireless service in February 2005; combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular teledensity is about 150 telephones per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 65; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Азия, Австралия, the Middle East, Europe, и US; satellite earth stations -4; supplemented by VSAT coverage (2003) |
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Словакия
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общая оценка: Словакия has a modern телекоммуникации system that has expanded dramatically in recent лет with the growth in cellular services
внутри страны: analog system is now receiving digital equipment и is being enlarged with fiber-optic cable, especially in the larger cities; 3 companies provide nationwide cellular services
международные: код страны - 421; 3 international exchanges (1 in Bratislava и 2 in Banska Bystrica) are available; Словакия is participating in several international телекоммуникации projects that will increase the availability of external services |
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Словения
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общая оценка: well-developed телекоммуникации infrastructure
внутри страны: combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 130 telephones per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 386 |
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Соломоновы Острова
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: нет
международные: код страны - 677; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Тихий океан) |
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Сомали
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ngeneral assessment: the public телекоммуникации system was almost completely destroyed или dismantled during the civil war; private wireless companies offer service in most major cities и charge the lowest international rates on the continent
внутри страны: local cellular telephone systems have been established in Mogadishu и in several other population centers
международные: код страны - 252; international connections are available from Mogadishu by satellite (2001) |
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Южно-Африканская Республика
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общая оценка: the system is the best developed и most modern in Africa
внутри страны: combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 100 telephones per 100 persons; consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay links, fiber-optic cable, radiotelephone communication stations, и wireless local loops; key centers are Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, и Pretoria
международные: код страны - 27; the SAT-3/WASC и SAFE fiber optic cable systems connect in Южно-Африканская Республика providing connectivity to Europe и Азия; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Индийский океан и 2 Атлантический океан) |
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Южная Георгия и Южные Сандвичевы острова
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: нет
международные: coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken |
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Испания
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общая оценка: well developed, modern facilities; fixed-line teledensity is 45 per 100 persons
внутри страны: combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular teledensity is 160 telephones per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 34; submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, Middle East, Азия, и US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Атлантический океан и 1 Индийский океан), нет Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to adjacent countries |
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Шри-Ланка
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общая оценка: telephone services have improved significantly и are available in most parts of the country
внутри страны: national trunk network consists mostly of digital microwave radio relay; fiber-optic links now in use in Colombo area и 2 fixed wireless local loops have been installed; competition is strong in mobile cellular systems и mobile cellular subscribership is increasing; combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular teledensity is about 50 per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 94; the SEA-ME-WE-3 и SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cables provide connectivity to Азия, Австралия, Middle East, Europe, US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Индийский океан) |
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Судан
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общая оценка: large, well-equipped system by regional standards и being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 и have expanded substantially
внутри страны: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, и a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations
международные: код страны - 249; linked to international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан), 1 Arabsat (2000) |
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Суринам
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общая оценка: international facilities are good
внутри страны: combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular teledensity about 90 telephones per 100 persons; microwave radio relay network
международные: код страны - 597; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Свальбард
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общая оценка: probably adequate
внутри страны: local telephone service
международные: код страны - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only) |
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Свазиленд
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общая оценка: a somewhat modern but not an advanced system
внутри страны: mobile-cellular subscribership is increasing; combined fixed-line и mobile cellular teledensity about 25 telephones per 100 persons; telephone system consists of carrier-equipped, open-wire lines и low-capacity, microwave radio relay
международные: код страны - 268; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Швеция
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общая оценка: highly developed телекоммуникации infrastructure; ranked among leading countries for fixed-line, mobile-cellular, Интернет и broadband penetration
внутри страны: coaxial и multiconductor cables carry most of the voice traffic; parallel microwave radio relay systems carry some additional telephone channels
международные: код страны - 46; submarine cables provide links to other Nordic countries и Europe; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан), 1 Eutelsat, и 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic и Индийский океан regions); note - Швеция shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Дания, Финляндия, Исландия, и Норвегия) |
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Швейцария
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общая оценка: highly developed телекоммуникации infrastructure with excellent domestic и international services
внутри страны: ranked among leading countries for fixed-line teledensity и infrastructure; mobile-cellular subscribership roughly 100 per 100 persons; extensive cable и microwave radio relay networks
международные: код страны - 41; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Атлантический океан и Индийский океан) |
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Сирия
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общая оценка: fair system currently undergoing significant improvement и digital upgrades, including fiber-optic technology
внутри страны: the number of fixed-line connections has increased markedly since 2000; mobile-cellular service growing rapidly и teledensity has reached 25 wireless telephones per 100 persons; coaxial cable и microwave radio relay network
международные: код страны - 963; submarine cable connection to Кипр; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Индийский океан) и 1 Intersputnik (Атлантический океан region); coaxial cable и microwave radio relay to Ирак, Иордания, Ливан, и Турция; participant in Medarabtel |
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Тайвань
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общая оценка: provides телекоммуникации service for every business и private need
внутри страны: thoroughly modern; completely digitalized
международные: код страны - 886; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Азия, Австралия, the Middle East, Europe, и the US; satellite earth stations - 2 |
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Таджикистан
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общая оценка: poorly developed и not well maintained; many towns are not linked to the national network
внутри страны: the domestic телекоммуникации network has historically been under funded и poorly maintained; main line availability has not changed significantly since 1998; cellular telephone use is growing but geographic coverage remains limited
международные: код страны - 992; linked by cable и microwave radio relay to other CIS republics и by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Турция); satellite earth stations - 3 (2 Intelsat и 1 Orbita) (2006) |
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Танзания
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общая оценка: телекоммуникации services are inadequate; system operating below capacity и being modernized for better service; small aperture terminal (VSAT) system under construction
внутри страны: fixed-line telephone network inadequate with less than 1 connection per 100 persons; mobile-cellular service, aided by multiple providers, is increasing; trunk service provided by open-wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, и fiber-optic cable; some links being made digital
международные: код страны - 255; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Индийский океан, 1 Атлантический океан) |
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Таиланд
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общая оценка: high quality system, especially in urban areas like Bangkok
внутри страны: fixed line system provided by both a government owned и commercial provider; wireless service expanding rapidly и outpacing fixed lines
международные: код страны - 66; connected to major submarine cable systems providing links throughout Азия, Австралия, Middle East, Europe, и US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Индийский океан, 1 Тихий океан) |
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Восточный Тимор
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общая оценка: rudimentary service limited to urban areas
внутри страны: system suffered significant damage during the violence associated with independence; extremely limited fixed-line services; mobile-cellular services и coverage limited primarily to urban areas
международные: код страны - 670; international service is available in major urban centers |
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Того
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общая оценка: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines и a mobile-cellular system
внутри страны: microwave radio relay и open-wire lines for conventional system; combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 15 telephones per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 228; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан), 1 Symphonie |
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Токелау
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общая оценка: modern satellite-based communications system
внутри страны: radiotelephone service between islands
международные: код страны - 690; radiotelephone service to Самоа; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok); satellite earth stations - 3 |
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Тонга
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общая оценка: competition between Тонга Telecommunications Corporation (TCC) и Shoreline Связь Тонга (SCT) is accelerating expansion of телекоммуникации; SCT recently granted authority to develop high-speed digital service for telephone, Интернет, и television
внутри страны: combined fixed-line и mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 40 telephones per 100 persons; fully automatic switched network
международные: код страны - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Тихий океан) (2004) |
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Тринидад и Тобаго
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общая оценка: excellent international service; good local service
внутри страны: mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 150 telephones per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 1-868; submarine cable systems provide connectivity to US и parts of the Caribbean и South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан); tropospheric scatter to Барбадос и Гвиана |
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Тунис
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общая оценка: above the African average и continuing to be upgraded; key centers are Sfax, Sousse, Bizerte, и Tunis; Интернет access available
внутри страны: in an effort jumpstart expansion of the fixed-line network, the government has awarded a concession to build и operate a VSAT network with international connectivity; competition between the two mobile-cellular service providers has resulted in lower activation и usage charges и a strong surge in subscribership; overall fixed-line и mobile-cellular teledensity is about 85 telephones per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 216; a landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable system that provides links to Europe, Middle East, и Азия; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) и 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable и microwave radio relay to Алжир и Либия; participant in Medarabtel; 2 international gateway digital switches |
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Турция
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общая оценка: undergoing rapid modernization и expansion especially with cellular telephones
внутри страны: additional digital exchanges are permitting a rapid increase in subscribers; the construction of a network of technologically advanced intercity trunk lines, using both fiber-optic cable и digital microwave radio relay, is facilitating communication between urban centers; remote areas are reached by a domestic satellite system; the number of subscribers to mobile-cellular telephone service is growing rapidly
международные: код страны - 90; international service is provided by the SEA-ME-WE-3 submarine cable и by submarine fiber-optic cables in the Mediterranean и Black Seas that link Турция with Италия, Греция, Израиль, Болгария, Румыния, и Россия; satellite earth stations - 12 Intelsat; mobile satellite terminals - 328 in the Inmarsat и Eutelsat systems (2002) |
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Туркменистан
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общая оценка: poorly developed
внутри страны: Turkmentelekom, in cooperation with foreign investors, is planning to upgrade the country's telephone exchanges и install a new digital switching system; mobile-cellular useage remains limited
международные: код страны - 993; linked by cable и microwave radio relay to other CIS republics и to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; a new telephone link from Ashgabat to Иран has been established; a new exchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic through Турция via Intelsat; satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita и 1 Intelsat (2006) |
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Тёркс и Кайкос
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общая оценка: fully digital system with international direct dialing
внутри страны: full range of services available; GSM wireless service available
международные: код страны - 1-649; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber optic телекоммуникации submarine cable provides connectivity to South и Central America, parts of the Caribbean, и the US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) |
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Тувалу
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общая оценка: serves particular needs for internal communications
внутри страны: radiotelephone communications between islands
международные: код страны - 688; international calls can be made by satellite |
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Угадна
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общая оценка: seriously inadequate; mobile cellular service is increasing rapidly, but the number of main lines is still deficient; e-mail и Интернет services are available
внутри страны: intercity traffic by wire, microwave radio relay, и radiotelephone communication stations, fixed и mobile-cellular systems for short-range traffic
международные: код страны - 256; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) и 1 Inmarsat; analog links to Кения и Танзания |
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Украина
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общая оценка: Украина's telecommunication development plan emphasizes improving domestic trunk lines, international connections, и the mobile-cellular system
внутри страны: at independence in December 1991, Украина inherited a telephone system that was antiquated, inefficient, и in disrepair; more than 3.5 миллионов applications for telephones could not be satisfied; telephone density is rising и the domestic trunk system is being improved; about один-third Украины's networks are digital и a majority of regional centers now have digital switching stations; improvements in local networks и local exchanges continue to lag; the mobile-cellular telephone system is expanding rapidly
международные: код страны - 380; 2 new domestic trunk lines are a part of the fiber-optic Trans-Азия-Europe (TAE) system и 3 Ukrainian links have been installed in the fiber-optic Trans-European Lines (TEL) project that connects 18 countries; additional international service is provided by the Италия-Турция-Украина-Россия (ITUR) fiber-optic submarine cable и by an unknown number of earth stations in the Intelsat, Inmarsat, и Intersputnik satellite systems |
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Объединенные Арабские Эмираты
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общая оценка: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile-cellular telephones; key centers are Abu Dhabi и Dubai
внутри страны: microwave radio relay, fiber optic и coaxial cable
международные: код страны - 971; linked to the international submarine cable FLAG (Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe); landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 AND SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable networks; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Атлантический океан и 2 Индийский океан) и 1 Arabsat; tropospheric scatter to Бахрейн; microwave radio relay to Саудовская Аравия |
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Великобритания
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общая оценка: technologically advanced domestic и international system
внутри страны: equal mix of buried cables, microwave radio relay, и fiber-optic systems
международные: код страны - 44; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Europe, Азия, Австралия, the Middle East, и US; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (7 Атлантический океан и 3 Индийский океан), 1 Inmarsat (Атлантический океан region), и 1 Eutelsat; at least 8 large international switching centers |
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США
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общая оценка: a large, technologically advanced, multipurpose communications system
внутри страны: a large system of fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, и domestic satellites carries every form of telephone traffic; a rapidly growing cellular system carries mobile telephone traffic throughout the country
международные: код страны - 1; multiple ocean cable systems provide international connectivity; satellite earth stations - 61 Intelsat (45 Атлантический океан и 16 Тихий океан), 5 Intersputnik (Атлантический океан region), и 4 Inmarsat (Pacific и Атлантический океан regions) (2000) |
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Уругвай
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общая оценка: fully digitalized
внутри страны: most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; new nationwide microwave radio relay network; overall fixed-line и mobile-cellular teledensity is approaching 100 telephones per 100 persons
международные: код страны - 598; the UNISOR submarine cable system provides direct connectivity to Бразилия и Аргентина; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) (2002) |
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Узбекистан
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общая оценка: antiquated и inadequate; in serious need of modernization
внутри страны: the main line телекоммуникации system is dilapidated и telephone density is low; the state-owned телекоммуникации company, Uzbektelecom, is working on improving main line services; mobile services are growing swiftly, with the subscriber base more than doubling in 2007 to 5.8 миллионов
международные: код страны - 998; linked by landline или microwave radio relay with CIS member states и to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; после the completion of the Uzbek link to the Trans-Азия-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable, Узбекистан will be independent of Russian facilities for international communications (2006) |
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Вануату
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: нет
международные: код страны - 678; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Тихий океан) |
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Венесуэлa
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общая оценка: modern и expanding
внутри страны: domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations; recent substantial improvement in telephone service in rural areas; substantial increase in digitalization of exchanges и trunk lines; installation of a national interurban fiber-optic network capable of digital multimedia services; fixed-line teledensity is 16 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership jumped 50 percent in 2006
международные: код страны - 58; submarine cable systems provide connectivity to the Caribbean, Central и South America, и US; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) и 1 PanAmSat; participating with Колумбия, Эквадор, Перу, и Боливия in the construction of an international fiber-optic network |
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Вьетнам
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общая оценка: Вьетнам is putting considerable effort into modernization и expansion of its telecommunication system, but its performance continues to lag behind that of its more modern neighbors
внутри страны: all provincial exchanges are digitalized и connected to Hanoi, Da Nang, и Ho Chi Minh City by fiber-optic cable или microwave radio relay networks; main lines have been substantially increased, и the use of mobile telephones is growing rapidly
международные: код страны - 84; a landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3, the C2C, и Таиланд-Вьетнам-Гонконг submarine cable systems; the Азия-America Gateway submarine cable system, scheduled for completion by the end of 2008, will provide new access links to Азия и the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intersputnik (Индийский океан region) |
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Виргинские Острова (Британские)
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общая оценка: modern system with total digital switching, uses fiber-optic cable и microwave radio relay
внутри страны: full range of services available
международные: код страны - 1-340; submarine cable connections to US, the Caribbean, Central и South America; satellite earth stations - нет |
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Остров Уэйк
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общая оценка: satellite communications; 2 DSN circuits off the Overseas Telephone System (OTS)
внутри страны: нет
международные: нет |
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Уоллис и Футуна
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: нет
международные: код страны - 681 |
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Западный берег Иордании
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: Israeli company BEZEK и the Palestinian company PALTEL are responsible for fixed line services; the Palestinian JAWAL company provides cellular services
международные: код страны - 970 (2004) |
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Западная Сахара
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общая оценка: sparse и limited system
внутри страны: нет
международные: код страны - 212; tied into Мороккo's system by microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, и satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Атлантический океан) linked to Rabat, Мороккo |
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Мир
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общая оценка: нет
внутри страны: нет
международные: нет |
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Емен
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общая оценка: since unification in 1990, efforts have been made to create a national телекоммуникации network
внутри страны: the national network consists of microwave radio relay, cable, tropospheric scatter, и GSM mobile-cellular telephone systems; fixed-line и mobile-cellular teledensity remains low by regional standards
международные: код страны - 967; landing point for the international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Индийский океан и 1 Атлантический океан), 1 Intersputnik (Атлантический океан region), и 2 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Саудовская Аравия и Джибути |
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Замбия
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общая оценка: facilities are aging but still among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa
внутри страны: high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns и cities; several cellular telephone services in operation и network coverage is improving; Интернет service is widely available; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) networks are operated by private firms
международные: код страны - 260; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Индийский океан и 1 Атлантический океан) |
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Зимбабве
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общая оценка: system was once один of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance; more than 100,000 outstanding requests for connection despite an equally large number of installed but unused main lines
внутри страны: consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, и a substantial mobile-cellular network; Интернет connection is available in Harare и planned for all major towns и for some of the smaller ones
международные: код страны - 263; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat; 2 international digital gateway exchanges (in Harare и Gweru) |
Последние изменения на эту страницу были внесены 4 сентября 2008 года.
